Brasil - Brazil

Brazil (Portugis: Brasil) adalah negara terbesar di Amerika Selatan dan terbesar kelima di dunia. Brasil adalah negara yang sangat beragam, dalam hal orang, budaya, dan lanskap—dari karnaval musim panas yang terkenal di Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Olinda, dan resep ke kekuatan alam liar di Amazon dan Air Terjun Iguacu. Anda akan menemukan kota-kota yang ramai, pantai yang santai, dan gaya hidup tradisional, seringkali bersebelahan. Budaya Brasil, yang sangat bervariasi di seluruh negeri, berasal dari campuran internasional penjajah Eropa, komunitas Afrika dan Asia (terutama di Salvador dan Sao Paulo, masing-masing), dan pengaruh pribumi di seluruh negeri.

Wilayah

Brasil adalah negara terbesar kelima di dunia. Ini dibagi menjadi lima wilayah, terutama ditarik di sekitar garis negara, tetapi mereka juga kurang lebih mengikuti batas alam, ekonomi dan budaya.

kota

Brasil memiliki banyak kota yang menarik, mulai dari kota kolonial yang cantik dan tempat persembunyian pesisir hingga kota metropolitan yang ramai dan ramai; ini adalah beberapa tujuan wisata yang lebih menonjol:

• -15.793889-47.8827781 Brasilia – Ibukota Brasil, dan tontonan arsitektur. Bangunan penting termasuk katedral berbentuk keranjang, Istana Arches yang indah (pusat Kementerian Kehakiman) dan lain-lain.
• -27.5717-48.62562 Florianópolis – Kota ini terletak di sebuah pulau di Samudra Atlantik di negara bagian selatan Santa Catarina, dengan danau, laguna, alam yang menakjubkan, dan lebih dari 40 pantai yang bersih, indah, dan alami. Tujuan utama Argentina selama bulan-bulan musim panas.
• -3.718333-38.5427783 Fortaleza – Kota terbesar ke-4 di Brasil, diberkati dengan pantai yang indah. Rumah pasar jalanan Pantai Iracema. Tempat yang bagus untuk menjelajahi pantai di pantai timur laut, termasuk Jericoacoara. Terkenal karena musik forró dan komedian.
• -3.1-60.0166674 Manaus – Terletak di jantung Amazon, adalah ibu kota Amazonas Negara bagian dan juga merupakan kota terbesar di Amazon. Di Manaus sungai Negro dan Solimões bertemu menjadi Sungai Amazonas. Tempat terbaik untuk mengunjungi hutan hujan Amazon. Ini adalah pintu gerbang ke Anavilhanas dan Taman Nasional Ja.
• -30.033056-51.235 Porto Alegre – kota besar antara Argentina dan São Paulo dan pintu gerbang ke Green Canyons yang menakjubkan di Brasil.
• -8.05-34.96 resep – Sebuah kota besar di wilayah Timur Laut, awalnya dihuni oleh penjajah Belanda. Dijuluki "Venesia Brasil", itu dibangun di beberapa pulau yang dihubungkan oleh banyak jembatan. Kaya akan sejarah, seni dan cerita rakyat. Jangan lewatkan tetangga Olinda dan Porto de Galinhas. Kota ini juga merupakan pintu gerbang ke kepulauan yang menakjubkan Fernando de Noronha.
• -22.908333-43.1963897 Rio de Janeiro – Kota indah dan terkenal di dunia yang menyambut pengunjung dengan patung besar Yesus yang bertangan terbuka di atas Bukit Corcovado.
• -12.974722-38.4766678 Salvador – Ibu kota pertama Brasil adalah rumah bagi perpaduan unik antara budaya asli, Afrika, dan Eropa. Kegembiraan Karnavalnya terkenal, dan pengaruh budaya dan agama Afrika luar biasa.
• -23.55-46.6333339 Sao Paulo – Kota terbesar, terkaya, dan paling kosmopolitan di Brasil, di mana Anda dapat menemukan pengaruh kuat dari beberapa etnis, termasuk Italia, Korea, Jepang, Jerman, Rusia, Karibia, dan Arab.

Destinasi lainnya

• -4.439444-56.8402781 Amazonia – wisata hutan, margasatwa, kayu apung, misteri Amazon
• -12.880278-41.3722222 Taman Nasional Chapada Diamantina
• -14.083333-47.6666673 Chapada dos Veadeiros – cerrado (sabana tropis) satwa liar dan air terjun yang menakjubkan
• -3.853808-32.4237864 Fernando de Noronha – surga pulau tropis di tengah samudera Atlantik, dilindungi sebagai Taman Nasional Laut sejak 1997 dan a Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO
• -23.15-44.2333335 Ilha Grande
• -25.686667-54.4447226 Air Terjun Iguacu – air terjun yang terkenal di dunia
• -0.983333-49.5833337 Ilha do Marajo- pulau air tawar terbesar di dunia
• -2.533333-43.1166678 Lençóis Maranhenses- taman air tawar dan bukit pasir; setengah bukit pasir, setengah danau.
• -18-56.59 Pantanal – lahan basah (rawa) terbesar di dunia menampung banyak ekowisata dan keanekaragaman hayati yang luas, termasuk caiman, jaguar, anaconda, trenggiling raksasa, primata, berang-berang raksasa, dan piranha

Memahami

“	Sangat mudah untuk menentukan objek kekaguman individu dalam adegan besar ini; tetapi tidak mungkin untuk memberikan gambaran yang memadai tentang perasaan heran, takjub, dan pengabdian yang lebih tinggi, yang memenuhi dan meninggikan pikiran.	”
—Charles Darwin, Perjalanan Beagle, tentang Brasil

Sejarah

Sebelum Columbus tiba di Amerika, daerah yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Brasil adalah rumah bagi orang-orang terutama dari Tupi dan Guarani kelompok etnis. Penjajahan oleh Portugis dimulai pada akhir abad ke-16, dengan ekstraksi kayu berharga dari pau brasil pohon, dari mana negara itu mengambil namanya. Brasil dijajah dan dikembangkan oleh Portugis dan bukan Spanyol, yang mengklaim sebagian besar wilayah Amerika. Brasil Timur adalah titik jalan di Rute Tanjung antara Eropa dan Asia. Selama pemerintahan Portugis, beberapa bagian Brasil membentuk koloni Belanda antara tahun 1630 dan 1654. Belanda mendirikan beberapa kota, seperti Mauritsville, dan banyak perkebunan tebu. Belanda melakukan perang hutan yang suram dengan Portugis, dan tanpa dukungan Republik tanah air mereka karena perang dengan Inggris, Belanda menyerah kepada Portugis, meskipun mereka tidak secara resmi mengakui kekuasaan Portugis, yang menyebabkan semua- keluar perang dengan Portugal di lepas pantai Portugal pada tahun 1656. Pada tahun 1665 Perjanjian Damai Den Haag ditandatangani, Portugal kehilangan koloni Asia dan harus membayar 63 ton emas untuk mengkompensasi Republik Belanda atas hilangnya koloninya.

Brasil menjadi pusat Kekaisaran Portugis pada tahun 1808, ketika Raja Dom João VI (John VI) melarikan diri dari invasi Napoleon ke Portugal dan memantapkan dirinya dan pemerintahannya di kota Rio de Janeiro.

Empat abad berikutnya menyaksikan eksploitasi sumber daya alam negara seperti emas dan karet, di samping kebangkitan ekonomi yang sebagian besar didasarkan pada gula, kopi, dan tenaga kerja budak Afrika. Pengkristenan dan eksploitasi penduduk asli terus berlanjut, dan pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20 terjadi gelombang imigrasi kedua, terutama Italia, Jerman (di Brasil selatan), Spanyol, Jepang (Di Negara Bagian São Paulo) dan Portugis, menambah serangkaian faktor yang menghasilkan budaya dan masyarakat Brasil yang kompleks dan unik saat ini.

Setelah tiga abad di bawah kekuasaan Portugal, Brasil menjadi negara merdeka pada 7 September 1822. Hingga 1889, Brasil adalah sebuah Kekaisaran di bawah kekuasaan Dom Pedro I dan putranya Dom Pedro II. Pada saat ini, ia menjadi kekuatan internasional yang baru muncul. Perbudakan, yang awalnya tersebar luas, dibatasi oleh undang-undang berturut-turut sampai penghapusan terakhirnya pada tahun 1888. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan jatuhnya monarki dan munculnya Republikanisme nominal sesudahnya, tetapi, pada dasarnya, ada intervensi militer di Brasil setelah jatuh. kekaisaran sampai tahun 1894. Sejak itu, demokrasi di Brasil terganggu oleh kudeta dan kediktatoran sampai tahun 1985, ketika pemerintahan sipil dan demokratis baru dipilih dan konstitusi baru diberlakukan dua tahun kemudian.

Sejauh ini negara terbesar, terpadat dan makmur di Amerika Latin, telah muncul dari lebih dari dua dekade (1964-1985) kediktatoran militer dalam pemerintahan negara untuk mengejar pemerintahan demokratis, sambil menghadapi tantangan untuk melanjutkan industri dan pertumbuhan pertanian dan pengembangan interiornya. Memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang luas, wilayah geografis yang sangat luas, dan kumpulan tenaga kerja yang besar, hari ini Brasil adalah kekuatan ekonomi terkemuka Amerika Latin dan pemimpin regional, menaungi negara-negara seperti Meksiko dan Argentina. Korupsi politik, seperti di sebagian besar Amerika Latin, dan hambatan tinggi untuk masuk ke pasar termasuk tenaga kerja, tetap menjadi masalah yang mendesak. Konsekuensi dari hal ini adalah tingkat kejahatan yang tinggi, terutama di kota-kota besar.

"Gelombang merah muda" dalam politik Amerika Latin telah membawa kesenjangan ekonomi yang lebih besar di Brasil seperti di negara-negara lain, dengan kelas-kelas politik tumbuh dalam kekayaan dan jumlah sementara orang-orang yang berpendidikan rendah dan tidak terhubung secara politik menderita hambatan tinggi untuk masuk ke pasar tenaga kerja, pendidikan tinggi dan pasar lainnya. Ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah Brasil meletus menjadi protes terbuka selama turnamen sepak bola Piala Dunia 2014, dan sekali lagi selama Olimpiade Musim Panas 2016. Pasukan pemerintah mulai secara paksa memindahkan orang-orang dari rumah mereka sebelum turnamen dimulai, dan tanggapan terhadap protes brutal oleh sebagian besar akun. Beberapa pengunjuk rasa menunjukkan absurditas membangun stadion mahal di tempat-tempat yang jauh ketika orang-orang tinggal di daerah kumuh tanpa hak milik.

Ketidakpuasan yang meluas terhadap ekonomi menyebabkan terpilihnya kandidat populis sayap kanan Jair Bolsonaro sebagai presiden pada tahun 2018. Bolsonaro telah berjanji untuk mengakhiri perlindungan lingkungan dan mengembalikan hak-hak adat dan minoritas sebagai imbalan untuk mengejar pembangunan ekonomi, meskipun bagaimana hal ini akan mempengaruhi negara catatan hak asasi manusia dan kehidupan orang Brasil biasa masih harus dilihat.

Pemerintah dan politik

Brasil adalah republik federal, meniru sistem presidensial Amerika. Rakyat secara langsung memilih presiden yang sekaligus sebagai kepala negara dan kepala pemerintahan. Presiden dipilih untuk masa jabatan empat tahun, dengan hak hanya satu kali pemilihan ulang.

Cabang legislatif adalah Kongres Nasional, parlemen bikameral yang terdiri dari Senat Federal dan Kamar Deputi. Kedua majelis dipilih secara langsung. Anggota Senat dipilih setiap 4 tahun, dengan pembaruan satu atau dua pertiga setiap 8 tahun. Anggota Kamar Deputi dipilih melalui perwakilan proporsional masing-masing negara bagian. Mahkamah Agung Federal, Pengadilan Tinggi dan Pengadilan Tinggi lainnya, Dewan Kehakiman Nasional dan Pengadilan Federal Regional membentuk cabang yudisial. Sistem politik mengikuti sistem multipartai. Partai politik utama di Brasil adalah Partai Buruh, Gerakan Demokratik Brasil, Partai Sosial Demokrasi Brasil, dan Demokrat.

Salah satu masalah utama dalam politik Brasil adalah korupsi. Klientelisme, nepotisme, favoritisme politik, dan overpricing dana publik merupakan hal yang lumrah, meski perlahan menurun sejak investigasi Operasi Cuci Mobil pada 2014. Selain itu, partai politik di Brasil cenderung sangat terfragmentasi.

Budaya

Karena dimensi benua Brasil, geografi yang bervariasi, sejarah dan orang-orang, budaya negara ini kaya dan beragam. Ini memiliki beberapa variasi regional, dan meskipun sebagian besar disatukan oleh satu bahasa, beberapa daerah sangat berbeda satu sama lain sehingga mereka terlihat seperti negara yang berbeda sama sekali.

Musik memainkan peran penting dalam identitas Brasil. Gaya seperti paduan suara, samba dan bosa nova dianggap benar-benar Brasil. caipira musik juga merupakan akar dari sertanejo, setara nasional dengan musik country. MPB adalah singkatan dari Brazilian Popular Music, yang memadukan beberapa gaya nasional di bawah satu konsep. Forro, gaya musik dansa bahagia timur laut, juga telah menjadi umum di seluruh negeri. Gaya urban baru termasuk pengecut - nama yang diberikan untuk genre musik dansa dari Rio's favela yang memadukan ketukan elektronik yang berat dan rap yang sering kali cabul - dan techno-brega, penggemar keramaian di negara bagian utara, yang memadukan pop romantis, musik dansa, dan ritme Karibia.

Campuran dari seni bela diri, tari, musik dan permainan, capoeira dibawa ke Brasil oleh budak Afrika, terutama dari koloni Portugis Angola. Dibedakan dengan gerakan rumit yang lincah dan musik pengiringnya, dapat dilihat dan dipraktikkan di banyak kota Brasil.

Dalam musik klasik, Periode Modern sangat terkenal, karena karya-karya komposer seperti Heitor Villa-Lobos dan Camargo Guarnieri, yang menciptakan sekolah khas Brasil, mencampur elemen musik klasik tradisional Eropa dengan ritme Brasil, sementara komposer lain seperti Cláudio Santoro mengikuti pedoman Sekolah Kedua Wina. Pada Zaman Romantis, nama terbesar adalah Antonio Carlos Gomes, penulis beberapa opera bergaya Italia dengan tema khas Brasil, seperti Il Guarany dan Lo Schiavo. Pada Periode Klasik, nama yang paling menonjol adalah José Maurício Nunes Garcia, seorang imam yang menulis musik sakral dan sekuler dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh gaya klasik Wina pada abad ke-18 dan awal abad ke-19.

lilin dan Umbanda adalah agama dengan akar Afrika yang telah bertahan dari prasangka dan penganiayaan dan masih memiliki pengikut yang signifikan di Brasil. Tempat pemujaan mereka disebut terreiros dan banyak yang terbuka untuk dikunjungi.

Asli ciri-ciri dapat ditemukan di mana-mana dalam budaya Brasil, dari masakan hingga kosa kata. Masih banyak kelompok dan suku asli yang tinggal di semua wilayah Brasil, meskipun banyak yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh budaya Barat, dan beberapa bahasa asli yang masih ada di negara itu terancam punah sama sekali. Gaya hidup tradisional dan ekspresi grafis kelompok adat Wajãpi dari negara bagian Amapá diproklamirkan sebagai Mahakarya Warisan Takbenda Dunia oleh UNESCO. Sebagian besar dari orang-orang terakhir di dunia yang tidak tersentuh tinggal di dalam hutan hujan Amazon yang lebat di Brasil.

Globo, jaringan televisi nasional terbesar, juga berperan penting dalam membentuk identitas nasional. Lima jaringan TV utama Brasil lainnya adalah SBT (terbesar kedua), RecordTV, Band, RedeTV dan Cultura (jaringan televisi publik dan pendidikan). Ada juga banyak saluran TV lokal atau regional lainnya. Selain itu, orang Brasil semakin memiliki akses ke banyak saluran TV kabel atau satelit lainnya. Sembilan dari sepuluh rumah tangga memiliki TV, yang merupakan sumber informasi dan hiburan terpenting bagi sebagian besar orang Brasil, diikuti oleh siaran radio. TV menyiarkan olahraga, film, berita lokal dan nasional, dan telenovela (sinetron)– sinetron berdurasi 6-10 bulan yang menjadi salah satu ekspor budaya utama negara itu.

Orang-orang

Sepanjang sejarahnya, Brasil telah menyambut beberapa orang dan praktik yang berbeda. Brasil merupakan tempat peleburan kelompok etnis yang paling beragam, yang sedikit mengurangi prasangka etnis dan konflik rasial, meskipun perbudakan yang berlangsung lama dan bahkan genosida di antara penduduk asli telah memakan korban. Prasangka umumnya lebih mengarah pada kelas sosial yang berbeda daripada antar ras. Namun demikian, ras, yang dilambangkan dengan warna kulit, masih merupakan faktor pemisah dalam masyarakat Brasil dan Anda akan melihat kulit biasanya menjadi gelap saat kelas sosial semakin rendah: orang-orang kelas atas yang kaya kebanyakan berkulit terang; kebanyakan orang kelas menengah rata-rata berkulit cokelat; dan mayoritas orang miskin berkulit hitam. Namun, saat ini, populasi Afro-Brasil dan Amerindian semakin sadar akan hak-hak sipil mereka dan warisan budaya mereka yang kaya, dan mereka dapat berharap untuk mencapai mobilitas sosial melalui pendidikan.

Secara umum, orang Brasil adalah orang yang suka bersenang-senang. Sementara orang Selatan mungkin dianggap agak lebih dingin dan lebih pendiam, dari Rio ke utara orang dapat membanggakan sikap lincah dan menikmati waktu luang.

Persahabatan dan keramahan sangat dihargai di antara orang Brasil, dan hubungan keluarga dan interaksi sosial sangat dihargai. Untuk orang yang mereka temui, atau setidaknya tahu namanya, orang Brasil biasanya sangat terbuka, ramah, dan terkadang cukup murah hati. Setelah diperkenalkan, sampai mendapatkan alasan yang baik untuk tidak melakukannya, tipikal orang Brasil mungkin memperlakukan Anda dengan hangat seperti ia memperlakukan sahabatnya. Orang Brasil terkenal sebagai salah satu orang yang paling ramah di dunia dan orang asing biasanya diperlakukan dengan hormat dan sering kali dengan kekaguman sejati. Dikatakan demikian, pariwisata di Brasil, seperti di sebagian besar dunia, memunculkan sisi gelap kemanusiaan.

Sikap terhadap orang asing juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan regional:

• keadaan Santa Catarina menyambut wisatawan berbahasa Spanyol mereka dengan tanda bilingual dan panitia penyambutan.
• Di Salvador, kota terbesar di Timur laut, siapa pun yang berbicara, bertingkah, atau terlihat seperti turis (bahkan orang Brasil lainnya!) dapat dikenakan harga yang lebih tinggi, seperti di tempat parkir, di restoran, dll.

Kebanyakan orang Brasil jujur ​​dan benar-benar ramah, tetapi banyak yang terbiasa dengan tindakan korupsi kecil dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka, yang disebut jeitinho brasileiro. Jika Anda jelas terlihat seperti turis, Anda adalah target potensial; misalnya, vendor mungkin mencoba menjual barang dengan harga lebih tinggi, atau sopir taksi mungkin memilih rute terpanjang ke tujuan. Bukan berarti Anda tidak bisa mempercayai siapa pun, hanya saja Anda harus sedikit lebih waspada dan hati-hati, terutama jika seseorang tampaknya terlalu ramah.

Sedangkan "Barat" akar budaya Brasil sebagian besar Eropa, terutama Iberia, sebagaimana dibuktikan oleh kota-kota kolonial dan bangunan bersejarah sporadis antara gedung pencakar langit yang lebih baru, telah ada kecenderungan kuat untuk mengadopsi lebih "cara hidup Amerika" yang ditemukan dalam budaya dan arsitektur perkotaan, media massa, konsumerisme dan sikap positif terhadap kemajuan teknis. Meskipun demikian, Brasil masih merupakan negara yang menghadapi Atlantik daripada Amerika Hispanik, dan para elit intelektual cenderung memandang ke atas. Eropa, terutama Perancis, sebagai sumber inspirasi, sebagai lawan dari KAMI. Banyak aspek dalam masyarakat Brasil, seperti sistem pendidikan, yang terinspirasi oleh Prancis, dan mungkin tampak aneh pada awalnya bagi pengunjung Amerika Utara.

orang Brasil bukan orang hispanik. Beberapa mungkin tersinggung jika pengunjung mengatakan itu, atau percaya bahwa orang Brasil berbicara bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa utama. Pengunjung akan menerima sambutan yang lebih hangat jika mereka mencoba memulai percakapan dalam bahasa Portugis. Jika pengunjung berbicara bahasa Spanyol kepada orang Brasil, mereka cenderung menjawab dalam bahasa Portugis.

Kontras di negara besar ini sama-sama mempesona dan mengejutkan sebagian besar pengunjung, terutama orang Eropa. Ketidakpedulian banyak penduduk setempat terhadap masalah sosial, ekonomi dan ekologi dapat membuat pengunjung yang terbiasa menangani masalah ini di rumah. Sementara elit profesional terdidik dan kelas politik mengambil bagian dalam fasilitas masyarakat modern, pekerja anak, buta huruf dan perumahan yang sangat rendah masih ada bahkan di kota-kota yang diberkati oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi asing yang besar seperti Sao Paulo atau Rio.

Sebanyak orang Brasil mengakui keberlanjutan diri mereka dalam bahan mentah, pertanian, dan sumber energi sebagai manfaat besar untuk masa depan, sebagian besar dari mereka setuju bahwa tanpa perubahan besar dalam pendidikan dan akses ke kewirausahaan untuk semua, hampir tidak akan ada jalan keluar kemiskinan dan keterbelakangan.

Sejak awal abad ke-21, Brasil menghadapi gelombang imigrasi yang meningkat dari Cina, Bolivia dan Haiti.

Iklim

Brasil adalah negara besar dengan zona iklim yang berbeda, meskipun sebagian besar negara berada di daerah tropis. Di wilayah Amazon, dari Mato Grosso utara hingga Maranhão barat, terdapat iklim hutan hujan tropis, dengan hujan yang sangat sering, suhu tinggi, dan amplitudo termal yang berkurang. Di Timur Laut, pantai sering mengalami hujan di musim dingin.

Bagian dalam Timur Laut Brasil memiliki iklim semi-kering, di mana terdapat suhu yang sangat tinggi, hujan yang jarang, dan kekeringan yang sering terjadi. Wilayah tengah Brasil memiliki iklim sabana tropis, dengan musim dingin yang sangat kering, tingkat kelembaban rendah di pertengahan tahun (di bawah 30%) dan musim panas yang panas dan hujan.

Di tenggara, pantainya panas dan lembab dan mengalami aksi langsung dari massa Atlantik tropis, dengan seringnya hujan di musim panas. Di wilayah tertinggi di Tenggara, dengan ketinggian antara 500m dan 1000m atau lebih, terdapat suhu terendah di seluruh wilayah tropis, mencapai rata-rata lebih rendah dari 18º C. Di selatan negara bagian São Paulo dan di tiga selatan negara bagian Brasil, iklimnya subtropis, dengan musim yang jelas dan curah hujan yang merata sepanjang tahun. Musim panas sangat panas dan memiliki suhu rata-rata 30º. Sudah musim dingin, sangat dingin, sering membeku dan suhu rendah, kadang-kadang kurang dari 0 ° C. Di banyak kota dengan ketinggian lebih dari 1000m di Santa Catarina dan utara Serras Gaúchas Di wilayah Rio Grande do Sul, suhunya bahkan lebih dingin, bahkan terjadi salju.

Hari libur dan jam kerja

Brasil mengamati berikut 13 libur nasional:

• Hari Tahun Baru - 1 Januari
• Karnaval - Februari/Maret (dapat dipindahkan - 40 hari sebelum Paskah. Senin dan Selasa adalah hari libur yang sebenarnya, tetapi perayaan biasanya dimulai pada hari Sabtu dan berlangsung hingga tengah hari Rabu Abu, saat toko dan layanan dibuka kembali.)
• Jumat Agung - Maret/April (berpindah) dua hari sebelum Minggu Paskah
• Tiradentes - 21 April
• hari Buruh - 1 Mei
• Corpus Christi - Mei/Juni (berpindah) enam puluh hari setelah Minggu Paskah
• Hari Kemerdekaan - 7 September
• Hari Our Lady of Aparecida (Santo Pelindung Brasil) dan Hari Anak - 12 Oktober
• Hari kematian (Finado) - 2 November
• Hari Proklamasi Republik - 15 November
• hari Natal - 25 Desember

Jam kerja biasanya dari pukul 08:00 atau 09:00-17:00 atau 18:00. Bank buka Senin sampai Jumat, dari 10:00-16:00. Toko-toko jalanan cenderung tutup pada siang hari pada hari Sabtu dan buka kembali pada hari Senin. Pusat perbelanjaan biasanya buka dari pukul 10:00-22:00 atau 23:00, Senin hingga Sabtu, dan pukul 15:00-21:00 pada hari Minggu. Beberapa mal, terutama di kota-kota besar, juga buka pada hari Minggu, meski tidak semua toko boleh buka. Dimungkinkan juga untuk menemukan toko 24 jam dan pasar kecil yang buka pada hari Minggu.

Zona waktu

Brasil mencakup empat zona waktu standar dari UTC-2 hingga UTC-5 (dalam istilah Brasil, "Brasilia waktu -2" hingga "waktu Brasilia 1").

• Waktu Brasilia 1 (UTC-2): Fernando de Noronha dan beberapa pulau kecil lainnya di Atlantik.
• Waktu Brasilia (UTC-3): Tenggara, Selatan, Timur laut, Goias, Distrito Federal, Tocantin, Pará, Amapá.
• Waktu Brasilia -1 (UTC-4): Roraima, Timur Amazonas, Rondonia, Mato Grosso dan Mato Grosso do Sul.
• Waktu Brasilia -2 (UTC-5): hektar dan barat Amazonas.

Sejak 2019, waktu musim panas tidak lagi diamati di Brasil.

Masuk

Persyaratan visa

• Brasil memiliki kebijakan visa timbal balik dengan banyak negara, yang berarti bahwa ketika biaya dan pembatasan visa diterapkan pada kunjungan Brasil ke suatu negara, Brasil umumnya menerapkan tindakan yang sama untuk pengunjung negara tersebut.
• Warga negara dari Argentina, Bolivia, Chili, Kolombia, Ekuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, dan Venezuela dapat memasuki negara tersebut dengan kartu identitas yang valid dan tinggal hingga 90 hari.
• Mulai tahun 2018, warga negara Kanada, Jepang, Australia, dan Amerika Serikat dapat mengajukan permohonan visa turis elektronik. Visa elektronik ini berlaku untuk beberapa kali masuk dalam waktu dua tahun dan tinggal hingga 90 hari dalam periode satu tahun dengan biaya US$45. Warga dari empat negara yang sama akan dapat memasuki Brasil bebas visa hingga 90 hari, efektif 17 Juni 2019.
• Visa tidak diperlukan untuk masa tinggal hingga 90 hari dari pemegang paspor dari negara-negara ini, kecuali dinyatakan lain: Andorra, Argentina, Austria, Bahama, Barbados, Belarus, Belgia, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Chili, Kolombia, Kosta Rika, Kroasia, Republik Ceko, Denmark, Ekuador, Finlandia, Prancis, Georgia, Jerman, Yunani, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, paspor SAR Hong Kong, Hongaria, Islandia, Irlandia, Israel, Italia, Korea Selatan, Liechtenstein, Luksemburg, Makau, Malaysia, Malta, Meksiko, Monako, Maroko, Namibia, Belanda, Selandia Baru, Norwegia, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Filipina, Polandia, Portugal, Rumania, Rusia, San Marino, Singapura (30 hari, hanya paspor biasa), Slovakia, Slovenia, Afrika Selatan, Spanyol, Suriname, Swedia, Swiss, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turki, Inggris Raya (Termasuk pemegang paspor Nasional Inggris (Luar Negeri), Uruguay, Venezuela (60 hari) dan Kota Vatikan. Petugas imigrasi memiliki hak untuk membatasi visa Anda menjadi kurang dari 90 hari, jika dianggap cocok. (Ini telah dilakukan secara rutin untuk pelancong pria sendirian yang tiba di Fortaleza, diduga untuk memerangi pariwisata prostitusi.) Petugas kemudian akan menyebutkan jumlah hari (misalnya 60 atau 30) dalam tulisan pena di dalam stempel yang baru saja diberikan di paspor Anda; jika tidak, itu tetap sebagai 90 hari.

• Warga negara dari semua negara lain memang membutuhkan visa. Biaya bervariasi tergantung pada timbal balik: misalnya, warga AS harus membayar paling sedikit US$160 untuk visa turis dan US$220 untuk visa bisnis. Biaya visa Brasil untuk warga negara Taiwan atau pemegang paspor Taiwan membayar US$20 (Referensi dari Kedutaan Besar Brasil di Lima, Peru) dan 5 hari untuk diproses. Namun, timbal balik juga sering berlaku untuk validitas visa: warga negara AS dapat diberikan visa yang berlaku hingga 10 tahun dan, juga, warga negara Kanada hingga 5 tahun.
• Visa turis (termasuk yang diberikan di tempat dalam pengawasan imigrasi) dapat diperpanjang di kantor manapun di of Federal Polis. Visa Turis yang diberikan kepada warga Wilayah Schengen tidak dapat diperpanjang. Semua ibu kota negara bagian, dan sebagian besar kota perbatasan dan pelabuhan internasional memilikinya. Visa turis hanya akan diperpanjang sekali, untuk maksimum 90 hari, dan dalam keadaan apa pun Anda tidak dapat diberikan lebih dari 180 hari dengan visa turis untuk periode 365 hari. Anda harus menghubungi polisi federal sekitar 1 minggu sebelum visa Anda kedaluwarsa. Biaya penanganannya adalah R$67 (Oktober 2008). Anda mungkin akan dimintai tiket keluar (book dapat dikembalikan sepenuhnya satu di internet, kemudian batalkan ketika visa Anda diperpanjang), dan bukti subsisten (yang sebagian besar diterima dengan kartu kredit Anda.) Untuk mengajukan permohonan perpanjangan, Anda harus mengisi Emissão da Guia de Recolhimento di situs web Polisi Federal, yang akan Anda bawa ke Banco do Brasil untuk membayar biayanya. Jangan membayar biaya sampai Anda telah berbicara dengan petugas polisi federal tentang kasus Anda. Jika dia menolak perpanjangan visa Anda, Anda harus memiliki rekening bank di Brasil untuk menerima pengembalian dana.
• Persyaratan untuk pertama kali memasuki Brasil dalam waktu 90 hari sejak dikeluarkannya visa sekarang hanya berlaku untuk warga negara Angola, Bahrain, Burma, Kamboja, Tanjung Verde, Cina, Kuba, Guinea Khatulistiwa, Gabon, Ghana, Yunani, Honduras, Indonesia, Jepang , Yordania, Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Filipina, Portugal, Qatar, Suriah, Swiss, Taiwan, Thailand, dan Tunisia. Kegagalan memasuki Brasil dalam waktu 90 hari akan membatalkan visa, tidak peduli berapa lama masa berlakunya.

Perangko masuk vs. keluar exit Segera setelah paspor Anda dicap oleh Polisi Federal Brasil, pastikan bahwa angka terakhir di ujung kanan stempel adalah 1. Angka 1 menunjukkan bahwa Anda memasuki negara tersebut dan angka 2 menunjukkan bahwa Anda keluar. Beberapa petugas polisi federal telah keliru memberi orang asing cap nomor 2 saat masuk. Jika Anda memiliki stempel nomor 2 dan mencoba untuk memperpanjang visa di kota yang bukan pelabuhan masuk Anda, Anda akan diminta untuk kembali ke kota tempat Anda menerima stempel yang salah sehingga dapat diperbaiki sebelum Anda dapat menerima stempel tersebut. perpanjangan.

• Secara hukum, Anda diharuskan untuk menunjukkan tiket keluar saat masuk, tetapi ini hanya berlaku dalam kasus luar biasa. Bahkan jika Anda ditanya, Anda sering kali dapat menjelaskan bahwa Anda naik bus ke Argentina, dan tidak dapat membeli tiket di, katakanlah, Eropa.
• Jika Anda memperpanjang visa turis Anda, Anda akan didenda R$8,28 per hari (per Oktober 2007), untuk maksimum 100 hari. Ini berarti bahwa bahkan jika Anda tinggal secara ilegal selama 5 tahun, denda tidak akan pernah melebihi R$828. Anda akan diminta membayar ini di penyeberangan perbatasan. Karena ini bisa memakan waktu, sebaiknya lakukan beberapa hari sebelumnya di kantor polisi federal, terutama jika Anda memiliki koneksi penerbangan domestik ke internasional. Polisi federal kemudian akan memberi Anda 8 hari untuk keluar dari negara itu. Jika Anda tidak membayar denda saat keluar, Anda harus membayar saat berikutnya Anda masuk. Fakta bahwa Anda telah didenda karena overstay di masa lalu biasanya tidak berarti kesulitan di masa depan dengan imigrasi, tetapi Anda sebaiknya menyimpan semua tanda terima dan paspor lama untuk referensi.
• Jika Anda ingin masuk/keluar negara karena alasan tertentu tanpa berhubungan dengan otoritas imigrasi, ada banyak kota perbatasan kecil yang hampir tidak memiliki kendali. Anda mungkin akan diberitahu oleh polisi setempat (yang tidak memiliki prangko atau register komputer untuk imigrasi) untuk menghubungi polisi federal di kota terdekat ini dan itu.
• Ketika Anda bepergian dari daerah tropis tertentu ke Brasil, Anda memerlukan vaksinasi demam kuning dan sertifikat yang menunjukkan bahwa Anda memilikinya. Itu ilegal membawa masuk hewan, daging, susu, biji-bijian, tumbuhan, telur, madu, buah, atau segala jenis makanan yang tidak diolah tanpa izin. Hubungi [[email protected]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut.

Dengan pesawat

Harga tiket pesawat termurah adalah dari Februari (setelah Carnaval) hingga Mei dan dari Agustus hingga November. Tiket dari New York, misalnya, dapat berharga hanya US$699 termasuk pajak. Banyak penerbangan undersubscribed di Brasil bisa didapat dengan harga murah.

Sejauh ini, bandara internasional terbesar di Brasil adalah Bandara Internasional São Paulo-Guarulhos (GRU ^IATA), pusat dari LATAM Airlines, maskapai terbesar Brasil, yang memiliki penerbangan langsung ke banyak ibu kota di Amerika Selatan. Penerbangan langsung lainnya meliputi:

Amerika Utara: Kota New York, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, orlando, Atlanta, Charlotte, Houston, Dallas, Washington DC. dan Toronto.

Europe: Lisbon dan Porto by TAP, Madrid by Iberia, Air Europa, LATAM and Air China, Barcelona by Singapore Airlines, Amsterdam dan Paris by KLM, Air France and LATAM, London by British Airways and LATAM, Frankfurt by Lufthansa and LATAM, Munich by Lufthansa, Zurich by Swiss, Rome by Alitalia, Milan by LATAM, Istanbul by Turkish Airlines.

Asia: seoul by Korean Air (via LAX), Doha by Qatar Airways, Abu Dhabi by Etihad, Dubai by Emirates, Singapore by Singapore Airlines (via BCN), and Beijing by Air China (via MAD).

Africa: Luanda by TAAG, Johannesburg by SAA, Addis Ababa by Ethiopian.

The second largest airport in Brazil is Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport, (GIG ^IATA) the home of Gol Transportes Aéreos, which flies to many regional destinations including Montevideo, Buenos Aires dan Asuncion. Other direct flights include:North America: Delta Air Lines flies to Atlanta, and New York, United Airlines to Washington, D.C., and Houston and American Airlines flies to Charlotte, Miami, Dallas dan Kota New York.Africa: Taag Angola to Luanda about 3 times a week.Europe: Paris by Air France, Rome by Alitalia, London by British Airways, Madrid by Iberia, Amsterdam by KLM, Frankfurt by Lufthansa, Lisbon dan Porto by TAP Portugal.

The Northeastern capitals have slightly shorter flying times to Europe and North America:

Natal (NAT ^IATA): Direct flights to Lisbon by TAP, Amsterdam by Arkefly.

Recife (REC ^IATA): Direct flights to Lisbon by TAP, Miami by American Airlines and Frankfurt by Condor.

Salvador (SSA ^IATA): Direct flights to Lisbon by TAP, Madrid by Air Europa, Frankfurt by Condor, and Miami by American Airlines.

FortalezaFOR ^IATA) : Direct flights to Lisbon by TAP and Cabo Verde by TACV.

In addition to the above, TAP flies directly to Brasilia (BSB ^IATA), Belo Horizonte (CNF ^IATA), Campinas (VCP ^IATA), and Porto Alegre (POA ^IATA).TAP Portugal is the foreign airline with most destinations in Brazil, from Lisbon dan Porto, and provides extensive connection onwards to Europe and Africa.

Air travel in Brazil has increased exponentially in the past few years, partly as a result of the poor condition of many Brazilian roads and the absence of any viable railway network (cf India). It is still relatively inexpensive with bargains sometimes available and easily the best option for long distance travel within the country. Some major airports, particularly those in São Paulo and Rio, are, however, becoming very congested.

Dengan mobil

The main border crossings are at:

• dengan Uruguay: Chuy/Chuí, Bella Unión/Barra do Quaraí, Artigas/Quaraí, Aceguá/Aceguá, Río Branco/Jaguarão, and between Rivera/Santana do Livramento
• dengan Argentina: Paso de los Libres/Uruguaiana, Santo Tomé/São Borja, Bernardo de Irigoyen/Dionísio Cerqueira, Tobuna/Paraíso (Santa Catarina), Comandante Andresito/Capanema, and between Puerto Iguazu/Foz do Iguaçu
• dengan Paraguay: Ciudad del Este/Foz do Iguaçu, Salto del Guaira/Guaíra, and between Pedro Juan Caballero/Ponta Porã
• dengan Bolivia: Puerto Suarez/Corumbá, Cobija/Brasileia/Epitaciolandia dan San Matías/Cáceres
• dengan Peru: Iñapari/Assis Brasil
• dengan Colombia: Letícia/Tabatinga No road connections on either side of the border.
• dengan Guyana: Lethem/Bonfim

In certain border towns, notably Foz do Iguaçu/Ciudad del Este/Puerto Iguazu, you do not need entry/exit stamps or other formalities for a daytrip into the neighbouring country. These same towns are good venues if you for some reason want to cross without contact with immigration authorities.

Dengan bus

Long-distance bus service connects Brazil to its neighboring countries. The main capitals linked directly by bus are Buenos Aires, Asunción, Montevideo, Santiago de Chile, and Lima. Direct connections from the first three can also be found easily, but from Lima it might be tricky, though easily accomplished by changing at one of the others. Those typically go to São Paulo, though Pelotas has good connections too. It should be kept in mind that distances between Sāo Paulo and any foreign capitals are significant, and journeys on the road may take up to 3 days, depending on the distance and accessibility of the destination. The national land transport authority has listings^{[tautan mati]} on all operating international bus lines, and the Green Toad Bus offers bus passes between Brazil and neighbouring countries as well as around Brazil itself.

Dengan kapal

Amazon river boats connect northern Brazil with Peru, Venezuela and Colombia. The ride is a gruelling 12 days upriver though.

Dari French Guiana, you can cross the river Oyapoque, which takes about 15 minutes.

From the city of Guayaramerín, in Bolivia, you can cross the Mamoré river for the city of Guajará-Mirim, in Rondônia. The crossing last about 5 to 10 minutes.

Dengan kereta api

Train service within Brazil is almost nonexistent. However, there are exceptions to the rule, including the Trem da Morte, or Death Train, which goes from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, to a small town just over the border from Corumbá in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. There is still a train line from there all the way to São Paulo which is not in use, but bus connections to São Paulo via the state capital, Campo Grande, are plentiful. The journey is reputedly replete with robbers who might steal your backpack or its contents but security has been increased and the journey can be made without much difficulty. It goes through the Bolivian agricultural belt and along the journey one may see a technologically-averse religious community which resembles the USA's Amish in many ways.

Berkeliling

Dengan pesawat

Brazil Air Pass If you intend to visit various cities within Brazil, you should consider getting a Brazil Air Pass, offered by LATAM or Gol— you purchase between 4 and 9 flight tickets which can be used at any time for any destination within Brazil served by the airline. A typical 4-ticket pass starts at around US $580 while a full 9 tickets will run around US $1150. In addition, Gol also offers a cheaper flight pass good for travel only within the Northeast of the country. These passes can only be obtained before arrival in the country, and you must prove that you have already purchased international return trip tickets or tickets for onward travel.

Air service covers most of Brazil. Many flights make many stops en route, particularly in hubs as São Paulo or Brasilia. Most all airports with regular passenger traffic are operated by the federal.Infraero. They have a very convenient website, with an English version. It lists all the airlines operating at each airport, and also has updated flight schedules.

There are now several Brazilian booking engines that are good (although not perfect) for comparing flights and prices between different companies. They will mostly include an extra fee, hence it is cheaper to book on the airline's own site.

The Brazilian airline scene changes surprisingly often. The largest Brazilian carriers are LATAM, Gol dan Azul. VoePass has short-haul flights to smaller airports throughout the country. There are also regional companies.

Booking on the domestic carriers' sites can be frustrating for non-Brazilian citizens. Often, you will be asked for your CPF (national identity number) while paying by credit card. Even if you -as a foreigner- have a CPF, the sites will often not recognize it. Gol now accepts international cards, but the system is buggy (Oct 2010). One trick that might work is to visit one of the airlines' foreign websites, although prices may vary. Many flights can also be found on foreign booking engines where no CPF is needed. If you book weeks in advance, most carriers will give you the option to pay by bank deposit (boleto bancário), which is actually payable by cash not only in banks, but also in a number of supermarkets, pharmacies and other stores. Buying a ticket at a travel agent is generally R$30 more expensive, noting that certain special offers can only be found online.

Many domestic flights have so many stops that some, including yours, may be missing from the listings in the airports. Double check your flight number and confirm with ground staff.

Certain domestic flights in Brazil are "international", meaning that the flight has arrived from abroad and is continuing without clearing all passengers through customs and immigration. This means ALL passengers must do this at the next stop, even those having boarded in Brazil. Do NOT fill out a new immigration form, but show what you were given upon actual arrival to Brazil.

Dengan mobil

See also: Driving in Brazil

Brazil has the largest road network in Latin America with over 1.6 million kilometres. A car is a good idea if you want to explore scenic areas, e.g. the historic cities of Minas Gerais, the Rio-Santos highway, or the beaches in North-East Brazil. There are the usual car rental companies at the airports.Many roads are in good condition, especially in the east and south of the country and along the coast. In other areas and outside the metropolitan regions there are also gravel and dirt roads for which an off-road vehicle can be strongly recommended. This especially applies to the Amazon area where many roads are difficult or not at all passable during the rainy season from November to March. This is why it is advisable to travel with a good map and to be well informed about distances, road conditions and the estimated travel time. Road maps of the brand Guia Quatro Rodas was available in the most newsstands in Brazil until 2015, but they ceased to be published from that year. Cochera andina^{[tautan mati]} publishes useful information on almost 300 routes in the country. In theory, the driving rules of Brazil resemble those of Western Europe or North America. In practice, driving in Brazil can be quite scary if you are used to European (even Mediterranean) or North American road culture, due to widespread violations of driving rules, and the toleration thereof.

Distances kept to other vehicles are kept at a bare minimum, overtaking whenever close to possible, and changing lanes without much of a prior signal. Many large cities also suffer from hold-ups when you wait at a red light in the night. Even if there is no risk of robbery, many drivers (including of city buses) run red lights or stop signs at night when they do not see incoming traffic from the cross street. Drivers also indulge in "creative" methods of saving time, such as using the reverse direction lanes. In rural areas, many domestic animals are left at the roadside, and they sometimes wanders into the traffic. Pedestrians take enormous chances crossing the road, since many drivers do not bother to slow down if they see pedestrians crossing. The quality of the paving is very varied, and the presence of enormous potholes is something that strongly discourages night-driving. Also consider the risk of highway hold-ups after dark, not to mention truck drivers on amphetamines (to keep awake for days in a row).

• In Brazil cars are driven on the right hand side of the road.
• A flashing left signal means that the car ahead is warning you not to pass, for some reason. If the car ahead of you wants to show you that it is safe to pass it will flash the right signal. The right signal is the same signal to indicate that you're going to stop on the side of the road, so it means you're going to slow down. On the other hand the left signal is the same signal to indicate you're going to pass the car ahead, meaning you're going to speed up.
• Flashing, twinkling headlights from the cars coming on the opposite side of the road means caution on the road ahead. Most of the time, it indicates that there are animals, cops or speed radar ahead.
• Keep the doors locked when driving, especially in the larger cities, as robberies at stop signs and red lights are quite common in some areas. You'll make it much easier for the robber if he can simply open up the door and sit down. Be equally careful with keeping your windows wide open, as someone might put their hands inside your car and steal a wallet, for instance. Leave your handbags and valuables out of sight.

Dengan sepeda

In smaller cities and towns the bicycle is a common means of transport. This does not mean that cyclists are usually respected by cars, trucks, or bus drivers. But you may find good roads with little traffic outside the cities. It is also easy to get a lift by a pickup or to have the bike transported by a long-distance bus.Cycling path are virtually non-existent in cities, except along certain beachfronts, such as Rio de Janeiro dan Recife.

There are bicyclers groups around the country, e.g. Sampa Bikers di São Paulo which meets weekly.

Dengan kereta api

Brazil's railway system was mostly wrecked during the military regimes. Today, few interstate passenger lines remain after the dismantling and scrapping of rail transport in Brazil. However, there are several urban or short-distance tourist lines between municipalities in the same state, mainly in the southern and southeastern states.

• Dari Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais to Vitória, Espírito Santo - Daily trains operated by Vale leave Belo Horizonte at 07:30 and Cariacica (10 km of Vitória), at 07:00. Travel time is about 12½ hours. Seats are limited and it is not possible to reserve, so it is advisable to buy in advance at the Vale's website. The railway is the second longest passenger line of Brazil, almost 700 km long.
• Dari São Luis, Maranhão to Parauapebas, Pará - interesting because part of it passes through the Amazon rainforest and it's the longest passenger railway of Brazil, almost 900 km long. It is operated by Vale. The train leaves São Luís at 08:00 on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays. From Paraopebas, the train leaves at 06:00 on Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. 15 hours of travel.

By inter-city bus

Long-distance buses are a convenient, economical, and sometimes (usually if you buy the most expensive ticket), rather comfortable way to travel between regions. The bus terminal (rodoviária) in cities play a role akin to train stations in many countries. You should check travel distance and time while traveling within Brazil; going from Rio de Janeiro to the south region could take more than 24 hours, so it may be worth going by plane if you can afford it.

Brazil has a very good long distance bus network. Basically, any city of more than 100,000 people will have direct lines to the nearest few state capitals, and also to other large cities within the same range. Pretty much any little settlement has public transport of some kind (a lorry, perhaps) to the nearest real bus station.

Mostly you have to go to the bus station to buy a ticket, although most major bus companies make reservations and sell tickets by internet with the requirement that you pick up your ticket sometime in advance. In a few cities you can also buy a ticket on the phone and have it delivered to your hotel for an extra charge of some 3-5 reais. Some companies have also adopted the airlines' genius policy of pricing: In a few cases buying early can save you more than 50%. The facility of flagging a bus and hopping on (if there are no available seats you will have to stand, still paying full price) is widespread in the country. This is less likely to work along a few routes where armed robberies have happened frequently, such as those leading to the border with Paraguay and to Foz do Iguaçu.

No bus company serves the whole country, so you mist identify the company that connect two cities by calling the bus station of one city. Some big cities like São Paulo and Rio have more than one bus station, each one covering certain cities around. It is good to check in advance to which bus station you are going.

Busca Ônibus is a useful resource for finding bus schedules.

Bus services are often sold in three classes: Regular, Executive and First-Class (Leito, in Portuguese). Regular may or may not have air conditioning. For long distances or overnight travels, Executive offers more space and a folding board to support your legs. First-Class has even more space and only three seats per row, making enough space to sleep comfortably.

All trips of more than 4 hours are covered by buses with bathrooms and the buses stop for food/bathrooms at least once every 4 hours of travel.

Brazilian bus stations, known as rodoviária atau terminal rodoviário, tend to be located away from city centers. They are often in pretty sketchy areas, so if you travel at night be prepared to take a taxi to/from the station. There will also be local bus lines.

Even if you have a valid ticket bought from elsewhere, some Brazilian bus stations may also require a boarding card. This can be obtained from the bus company, often for a supplement fee. If you buy a ticket in the departure bus station you will also be given this boarding card.

Rodoviárias include many services, including fast-food restaurants, cafés, Internet cafés, toilets and left luggage. As a general rule, the larger the city, the more expensive the services (e.g. leaving a suitcase as left luggage in a smaller city may cost R$1, but in Recife in might cost you R$5).

When buying tickets, as well as when boarding the bus, you may be asked for proof of ID. Brazilian federal law requires this for interstate transportation. Not all conductors know how to read foreign passports, so be prepared to show them that the name of the passport truly is the same as the name on the ticket.

By ride sharing

Intercity buses are rather expensive in Brazil, compared to Paraguay or even Bolivia. However, many people offer shared rides between many popular destinations. The most notable website for finding rides is BlaBlaCar, which also has a rating system for drivers, making the trip very secure, especially for Brazilian standards. This way, you can easily bring down your transport costs by 40-50%. Costs are about R$20 per 100 km.

Also, it can be considerably faster, without unnecessary stops at restaurants and such. The BlaBlaCar website is free, and you only pay the driver directly. But they will almost certainly charge in the future like they do for other countries as well. But until the taxation status of such services (including Uber) is settled by the government, the free system will not change.

Do not underestimate the desire of Brazilians to discuss and talk about each and everything, and to give their opinions about even the most remote nonsense. This can be highly stressful if you got a different temperament, prefer a quiet drive and just want to reach your destination.

By city bus

Most cities have extensive bus services. Multiple companies may serve a single city. There is almost never a map of the bus lines, and often bus stops are unmarked. Be prepared for confusion and wasted time. Google Maps includes some services.

Buses have a board behind the windshield that advertises the main destinations they serve. You may have to ask the locals for information, but they may not know bus lines except the ones they usually take.

In most cities you have to wave to stop the bus when you want to take it. This in itself would not pose a problem; however, in big cities there may be dozens of bus lines stopping at a given bus stop and bus stops are not designed to accommodate so many vehicles. Frequently one cannot observe the oncoming buses due to other buses blocking the view. Bus drivers are reluctant to slow down for a bus stop if they are not sure someone will take their bus, so it is common to miss your bus because you could not see it coming to wave on time or the driver did not see you waving in between buses already at the stop. Some people go into the middle of a busy street to wait for their bus to make sure they see it and the driver sees them. In some places, like Manaus, drivers even tend to ignore stop requests (both to get on and to get off) if it is not too easy to navigate to the bus stop.

Most city buses have both a driver and a conductor. The conductor sits behind a till next to a turnstile. You have to pay the conductor; the price of the bus is usually advertised on the windshield. The turnstiles are narrow, and very inconvenient if one carries any kind of load (try balancing a heavy backpack over the turnstile while the bus is running). Larger buses often have a front section, before the turnstile, meant in priority for the elderly, handicapped and pregnant women - you can use it but you still have to pay! Typical prices are around R$3.

You can try asking the conductor to warn you when the bus is close to your destination. Depending on whether he or she understands you and feels like helping you, you may get help.

In addition to large city buses, there are often minibuses or minivans (alternativo). You pay the driver when you go aboard.

Dengan kapal

In northern Brazil, it is possible to travel many distances by boat. In fact, the boat is the main and most accessible means of transport to get around the Amazon, since the Amazon Forest is cut by many rivers and some cities are inaccessible by road. The best boat services in the country are in the Amazon, where you can ride on speedboats and comfortable yachts or small wooden boats. The main navigable rivers are the Amazon River, the Araguaia River, the Xingu River and the Tapajós River. It is necessary to know the geography of the region, as in some places waterfalls are formed.

By e-hailing

Brazil has availability of some e-hailing services, Uber being the largest of them. Notable e-hailing services in Brazil, are:

• Uber. (diperbarui Juli 2020)
• 99Pop. If the app is not available in your Google Play store, you can download it here. (diperbarui Juli 2020)
• Cabify. (diperbarui Juli 2020)

Talk

See also: Brazilian Portuguese phrasebook

Non-verbal communication Brazilians use a lot of gestures in informal communication, and the meaning of certain words or expressions may be influenced by them. Itu thumbs up gesture is used to mean everything's OK, yes or even thanks. Avoid using the OK hand gesture for these meanings, as it can be considered obscene. Wagging your extended index finger back and forth and/or clicking your tongue behind your teeth two or three times means tidak Using your index finger to pull down one of your lower eyelids means watch out. Stroking your two biggest fingers with your thumb is a way of saying that something is expensive. Snapping a few times means fast atau a long time (ago). Stroking your lips and then snapping means delicious; pinching your earlobe means the same in some regions. Making a fist with your thumb between the index and middle finger, known as the figa, is a sign of good or bad luck depending on the region. Touching the palm with the thumb and making a circular movement with the hand means I am being robbed/ripped off/ in some regions. Itu hush gesture is considered extremely impolite, about the same as shouting "shut up!" to someone. An informal way to get someone's attention, similar to a whistle, is a hissing sound: "pssiu!" It is not perceived as unpolite, but gets really annoying if repeated too often.

The official language of Brazil is Portuguese, spoken by the entire population (except for a few, very remotely located tribes). Indeed, Brazil has had immigrants from all parts of the world for centuries, whose descendants now speak Portuguese as their mother tongue.

If somebody talks to you in Portuguese, you can simply say "Só falo inglês". It means "I only speak English".

Brazilian Portuguese has a number of pronunciation differences with that spoken in Portugal (and within, between the regions there are some quite extreme accent and slang differences), but speakers of either can understand each other. However, European Portuguese is more difficult for Brazilians to understand than the reverse, as many Brazilian television programs are shown in Portugal. A few words can have a totally different meaning in Brazil and Portugal, usually slang words. Examples of these are "rapariga", which in Portugal means girl, and in Brazil means a prostitute, and "bicha", which in Portugal refers to a line of people, but in Brazil is a derogatory way of referring to a gay person.

English is not widely spoken except in some touristy areas and major hotels. Don't expect bus or taxi drivers to understand English, so it may be a good idea to write down the address you are heading to before getting the cab. In most big and luxurious hotels, it is very likely that some taxi drivers will speak some English. There are many reasons why many Brazilians cannot speak English, but to simplify: there isn't really the "culture" to know foreign languages in Brazil, all foreign films and TV shows are dubbed in Portuguese and at school teachers focus only on grammar rather than actually practicing the language. Most people above 30 never studied English at school and they are very unlikely to know a single word in English. Younger people are more likely to speak English, although with a strong accent. They, generally, have a higher knowledge of the language and will be eager to help you and practice their English.

Spanish speakers are usually able to get by in Brazil, especially towards the south, due to the proximity of the states of that region to Uruguay and Argentina and due to the tourists from those countries who visit the states of that region. While written Portuguese can be quite similar to Spanish, spoken Portuguese differs considerably and is much harder to understand. Compare the number 20 which is veinte (BAYN-teh) in Spanish to vinte (VEEN-chee) in Brazilian Portuguese. Even more different is gente (people), pronounced "HEN-teh" in Spanish and "ZHEN-chee" in Brazilian Portuguese. Letters CH, D, G, J, R, RR, and T are particularly difficult for Spanish speakers to understand, and that's without even considering the vowels. Often confusing to Spanish, even English speakers, is the pronunciation of the letter "R" in the beginning of most words. Common first names such as Roberto, Ronaldo and Rolando are not pronounced as you would think: the "R" is pronounced as "H". Thus you would say Hoberto, Honaldo and Holando. If you address Ronaldo with a perfect Spanish pronunciation, he most likely will look at you in confusion and wonder what or who you are speaking to.

Other minority languages ​​are spoken in some parts of Brazil. In the Amazon, several indigenous languages ​​are still spoken, mainly Nheengatu, Tukano and Baniwa, which has co-official status in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in Amazonas. In the south, in cities that have received German and Italian immigrants, these languages ​​and their dialects are also spoken by a small portion of the population, as in Pomerode, Santa Catarina, which has German and the Pomeranian dialect with co-official status and in Serafina Corrêa and Caxias do Sul, municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul, where the co-official language is Talian, a dialect of the Venetian language spoken in northern Italy. Due to immigration, it is becoming more common in some cities to find speakers of other foreign languages, such as Italian,Japanese, Mandarin Chinese, Korean,Arabic,Polish, Ukrainian, French dan Haitian Creole.

The primary language of the Brazilian deaf community is Brazilian Sign Language (BSL), known locally as LIBRAS. When an interpreter is present in public, he or she will use BSL. It is influenced by French Sign Language (LSF) and also uses a one-handed manual alphabet very similar to that of LSF. Users of British Sign Language, Auslan, or New Zealand Sign Language, however, will have great difficulty understanding it. Those languages ​​differ markedly in vocabulary and syntax from LSF, and also use a two-handed manual alphabet.

Virtually all movies, in addition to foreign shows broadcast on Brazilian TV channels are dubbed into Portuguese. However, some pay TV channels have dual-audio (original audio with subtitles as an option available to be turned on by the user). If you want to watch the latest movies in English, not dubbed into Portuguese, you may be able to see them in some theaters in the capitals and biggest cities. Look for the Portuguese word "Legendado" (original with subtitles). You are unlikely to find films shown in their original language without subtitles.

Lihat

Natural wonders

• Amazon Rainforest - The Amazon River Basin holds more than half of the world's remaining rainforest, and over 60% of that lies within the North of Brazil — approximately one billion acres with incredible biodiversity. The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, over 40,000 plants species, 2,200 fish species, and more than 2,000 types of birds and mammals. One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon, and one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams.
• Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) - A region of tropical and subtropical forest which extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the Northeast untuk Rio Grande do Sul state in the Selatan. The Atlantic Forest has a wide variety of vegetation, including the many tree species such as the iconic araucaria tree in the south or the mangroves of the northeast, dozens of types of bromeliads and orchids, and unique critters such as capivara. The forest has also been designated a World Biosphere Reserve, with a large number of highly endangered species including the well-known marmosets, lion tamarins and woolly spider monkeys. Unfortunately, it has been extensively cleared since colonial times, mainly for the farming of sugar cane and for urban settlements — The remnants are estimated to be less than 10% of the original, and that is often broken into hilltop islands. However, large swaths of it are protected by hundreds of parks, including 131 federal parks, 443 state parks, and 14 municipal parks, most of which are open to visitation.
• Itu Pantanal - A vast tropical wetland expanse, one of the world's largest. 80% of it lies within the state of Mato Grosso do Sul but it also extends into Mato Grosso (as well as into portions of Bolivia dan Paraguay), sprawling over an area estimated at between 140,000 and 195,000 square kilometers (54,000-75,000 sq mi). 80% of the Pantanal floodplains are submerged during the rainy seasons, nurturing an astonishing biologically diverse collection of aquatic plants and helping support a dense array of animal species.
• Waterfalls (Cachoeiras) - Brazil has an amazing range of impressive waterfalls of all sizes and shapes. Iguaçu Falls, in eastern Parana, is one of the most spectacular waterfalls in the world, truly a sight to see. The 353-meter Cachoeira da Fumaça di Bahiaini Chapada Diamantina National Park is the country's second highest waterfall, after the Amazon's almost inaccessible Cachoeira do Araca. Other famous waterfalls include Caracol Falls, in a Rio Grande do Sul state park of the same name near Canela, Itaquira Falls, an easily accessible 168-meter fall near Formosa, Goiás, and the gorge at Parque da Cascata near Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. Aside from the nationally famous falls, in many parts of the country, particularly the Selatan, Southeast, and Central West regions, you are rarely far from at least one locally-famous, named waterfall worth a short hike.

Architecture

• Colonial architecture - Many cities have reminders of Brazil's colonial past, with churches, monasteries, forts, barracks, and other structures still intact. Some of the most concentrated and best-preserved colonial buildings can be found in old gold-mining towns such as Ouro Preto dan Tiradentes, but many other cities such as Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, Salvador, Paraty, and Goiânia have quite significant colonial centers as well.
• Oscar Niemeyer works - Niemeyer, Brazil's most famous architect, is a modern architectural pioneer who explores the aesthetic impact of reinforced concrete, using curves to create buildings with a unique sense of space. He is most famous for designing many of the buildings when the new capital of Brasilia was built in the 1950s, but his works literally dot the country, with major works in Natal, João Pessoa, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, São Paulo, Londrina and other locations.

Melakukan

Gay travel

Due to its high degree of acceptance and tolerance, gay travel is increasingly popular. Brazil hosted the first gay ball in America in 1754! Nowadays the main lesbian and gay destinations are Rio de Janeiro, which was elected the world's sexiest destination twice, São Paulo, which has the world's largest Pride Parade, Florianópolis, which is the hippest gay hangout and Recife which is attracting more and more lesbian and gay tourists looking for fun and sun. However, caution should still be observed especially in areas outside of major cities, where Brazil remains culturally conservative and deeply Catholic.

Carnaval

The biggest party in the world takes places across the country every year, lasting almost a week in February or early March. It is celebrated in a wide variety of ways, from the giants boneco masks of Olinda and the trios elétricos dari Salvador to the massive samba parades of Rio de Janeiro dan São Paulo. For a relatively more subdued atmosphere, check out the university-style street party of Ouro Preto or the sporty beach party at Ilha do Mel. Don't forget to make your reservations well in advance!

Beaches

Almost the entire coast is lined with fabulous beaches, and the beach lifestyle is a big part of Brazilian culture. Nowhere is that more true than in Rio de Janeiro, with its laidback, flip-flop-footed lifestyle and famous beaches like Ipanema and Copacabana. Beaches in other areas of the country may not have the instant name recognition but are no less amazing. Itu Northeast has jewels like Jericoacoara, Praia do Futuro, Boa Vista, Porto de Galinhas, and Morro de São Paulo which bring in throngs of travellers, particularly Europeans. Landlocked mineiros go mingle with the rich and famous at Guarapari or dance forró in the sand at Itaunas, while paulistas head for Caraguá atau Ubatuba. In the Selatan, weekend revelers flock to Ilha do Mel atau Balneário Camboriú, while the 42 beaches of Santa Catarina Island draw in thousands of Argentianian tourists every year. Hundreds more beaches lie ready to be explored as well. Don't forget those nude beaches in Rio and São Paulo!

Sports

Football

Football (soccer) is the talk of the town wherever your are in Brazil, and the country is brimming with great teams and great players. It is often said that football is not just a sport, but the national religion. While Rio de Janeiro's world-famous Maracanã stadium is under renovation, you can still catch a game at lots of other great venues like the Mineirão di Belo Horizonte atau Morumbi Stadium di São Paulo. The men's national team has won the World Cup a record 5 times, and they have a particularly charged rivalry with their neighbours Argentina.

Brazil's top professional men's league is the Brasileirão, and the league is a very competitive one with no shortage of passion from the fans. The "big twelve" clubs in Brazil, sorted by city are:

• In Belo Horizonte
  • Atlético Mineiro
  • Cruzeiro

• In Porto Alegre
  • Grêmio
  • Internacional

• In Rio de Janeiro
  • Botafogo
  • Flamengo
  • Fluminense
  • Vasco da Gama

• In São Paulo
  • Corinthians
  • Palmeiras
  • Santos
  • São Paulo

There are numerous intense rivalries between Brazil's big clubs, but perhaps the most well-known ones are the Paulista Derby between Coronthians and Palmeiras, Fla-Flu between Flamengo and Fluminense, and O Clássico dos Milhões between Flamengo and Vasco da Gama.

Other sports

• Volleyball - While soccer is the main sport in Brazil, volleyball is extremely popular as well. In addition to the standard indoor sport known the world over, there are several other varieties you can play or watch in Brazil:

• Beach volleyball - It is very common to find spaces on the beaches where you can play beach volleyball, but this version of the sport possess a different code of rules than indoor volleyball (for example instead of six players, only two players are allowed to play on each team).

• Footvolley - Created in Brazil, this challenging sport is essentially beach volleyball played with the ball and no-hands rules of soccer.

• Biribol - Another Brazilian original, biribol, named after the city of Birigüi where it was invented, is an aquatic version of volleyball, played in a 1.3-meter-deep pool with 4 players on each team and a ball similar to a water-polo ball.

Membeli

Money

Exchange rates for Brazilian reais As of January 2021: US$1 ≈ R$5.20 €1 ≈ R$6.37 UK£1 ≈ R$7.12 Exchange rates fluctuate. Current rates for these and other currencies are available from XE.com

Brazil's unit of currency is the Real (pronounced 'hay-AHL'), plural Reais ('hay-ICE'), denoted "R$" (ISO code: BRL), commonly referred to as a "conto" (slang) or "pila" (a slang term for the currency in Rio Grande do Sul). One real is divided into 100 centavos. As an example of how prices are written, R$1,50 means one real and fifty centavos.

Small shops or street vendors are unlikely to have change for R$100 (and sometimes R$50) notes. Travelers would be wise to spend those at busy restaurants or grocery stores to keep an adequate supply of small bills on hand.

Foreign currency such as US dollars or euros can be exchanged major airports and luxury hotels (bad rates), exchange bureaus and major branches of Banco do Brasil (no other banks), where you need your passport and your immigration form.

The real is a free-floating currency and has become stronger in the past few years. Especially for US citizens, prices (based on exchange rates) have increased quite a bit.

There are many federal regulations for dealings with foreign currency, trading in any currency other than real in Brazil is considered illegal, although some places in big cities and bordering towns accept foreign money and many exchange offices operate in a shady area. In addition, exchange offices are almost impossible to find outside of big cities. Currency other than US dollars and euros is hard to exchange and the rates are ridiculous. If you would like to exchange cash at a bank, be prepared to pay a hefty commission. For example, Banco do Brasil collects US$15 for each transaction (regardless of amount). Also, travelling with a backpack, you are out of luck getting into banks, because they have annoying security doors and rules. And even if you get in and exchange is possible, you will have to queue for 30 min or so with other regular customers.

It is thus best to rely on ATM, most machines are giving cash without fees.

Banking

Look for an ATM with your credit/debit card logo on it. Cabang besar Banco do Brasil (membebankan R$6,50 per penarikan) biasanya memiliki satu, dan hampir semua mesin Bradesco, Citibank, BankBoston, dan HSBC akan berfungsi. Banco 24 Horas adalah jaringan ATM yang menerima kartu asing (dikenakan biaya R$10 per penarikan). Batas penarikan biasanya R$600 (Bradesco) atau R$1000 (BB, HSBC, B24H), per transaksi, dan bagaimanapun juga, R$1000 per hari. Yang terakhir dapat dielakkan dengan beberapa penarikan berturut-turut, memilih "akun" yang berbeda, yaitu "kartu kredit", "memeriksa", "tabungan". Sebagian besar ATM tidak berfungsi atau hanya akan memberi Anda R$100 setelah pukul 22:00.

Pada bulan Maret 2021, penarikan uang hanya dapat dilakukan secara gratis dengan kartu kredit internasional dari bank Bradesco.

Di kota-kota kecil, mungkin tidak ada ATM yang menerima kartu asing. Karena itu, Anda harus selalu membawa uang tunai yang cukup.

Pengkabelan uang ke Brasil dapat dilakukan melalui serikat barat^{[tautan mati]} transfer untuk diambil di cabang Banco do Brasil di sebagian besar kota, dan juga beberapa kantor pertukaran.

Cek perjalanan bisa sulit untuk diuangkan di mana pun yang tidak menawarkan penukaran mata uang.

Mayoritas toko Brasil sekarang menerima kartu kredit utama. Namun, beberapa toko online hanya menerima kartu yang diterbitkan di Brasil, meskipun mereka menggunakan logo internasional dari kartu tersebut.

Koinnya adalah R$0,05, R$0,10, R$0,25, R$0,50, dan R$1. Beberapa denominasi memiliki beberapa desain yang berbeda. Tagihan datang dalam denominasi berikut: $2, R$5, R$10, R$20 R$50 dan R$100.

Memberi tip

Sementara tips kadang-kadang dapat diberikan untuk beberapa layanan, pengiriman atau pariwisata, tip sangat jarang. Biasanya tidak diharapkan di taksi, meskipun pembulatan tarif kadang-kadang terjadi. Banyak restoran memasukkan biaya pengiriman 10% dalam catatan, tanpa tips lebih lanjut yang diperlukan. Biaya seperti itu sering tergantung pada kotamadya. Memberi tip kepada bartender bukanlah kebiasaan.

Suvenir

Mirip dengan bagian Amerika Latin lainnya, perhiasan dan aksesoris kerajinan tangan dapat ditemukan di mana saja, terutama di daerah turis, tetapi harganya akan jauh lebih mahal. Di wilayah dengan populasi Afro-Brasil yang lebih besar, Anda akan menemukan lebih banyak Suvenir yang dipengaruhi Afrika, termasuk boneka hitam. Havaianas sandal jepit terjangkau dan tersedia di Brasil dan supermarket sering kali merupakan tempat terbaik untuk membelinya — toko kecil biasanya menjual sandal yang tidak bermerek atau palsu. Jika Anda memiliki ruang di tas Anda, kapas tenunan Brasil tempat tidur gantung adalah pembelian yang bagus dan fungsional juga. Item lain yang menarik dan menyenangkan adalah peteca, semacam shuttlecock tangan yang digunakan dalam permainan tradisional eponymous, yang mirip dengan bola voli.

Perbelanjaan

Bukan ide yang buruk untuk mengemas barang-barang ringan dan membeli lemari pakaian Brasil dalam beberapa hari setelah kedatangan. Ini akan membuat Anda kurang terlihat sebagai turis, dan memberi Anda kepuasan berbulan-bulan di rumah tentang penawaran hebat yang Anda dapatkan setiap kali Anda dipuji atas pakaian Anda. Orang Brasil memiliki selera gaya mereka sendiri dan itu membuat turis - terutama yang mengenakan kemeja Hawaii atau sandal dengan kaus kaki - menonjol di antara keramaian. Bersenang-senang berbelanja, dan berbaur. Alasan bagus lainnya untuk membeli pakaian dan sepatu di Brasil adalah karena kualitasnya biasanya bagus dan harganya sering kali murah. Namun, ini tidak berlaku untuk merek asing mana pun karena impor dibebani oleh pajak impor yang tinggi - oleh karena itu, jangan berharap menemukan harga bagus untuk merek seperti Diesel, Levi's, Tommy Hilfiger, dll. Untuk mengetahui ukuran celana Brasil Anda, ukur pinggang dalam sentimeter, bagi dengan 2, dan bulatkan ke angka genap berikutnya.

Jendela toko akan sering menampilkan harga yang diikuti dengan "X 5" atau "X 10", dll. Ini adalah harga jual angsuran. Harga yang ditampilkan adalah harga per angsuran, sehingga, "R$50 X 10", misalnya, berarti 10 pembayaran (biasanya bulanan) masing-masing R$50. Harga sebenarnya seringkali lebih rendah jika Anda membayar tunai.

Pastikan peralatan apa pun yang Anda beli memiliki tegangan ganda atau sama seperti di negara asal Anda. Brasil adalah 60 Hz, jadi jangan membeli jam listrik atau barang bermotor yang tidak menggunakan baterai jika Anda tinggal di Eropa atau Australia. Tegangan, bagaimanapun, bervariasi menurut negara bagian atau bahkan wilayah di dalam negara bagian yang sama. (Lihat Listrik di bawah).

Peralatan dan elektronik buatan Brasil itu mahal. Jika tidak, biasanya kualitasnya buruk. Semua elektronik mahal dibandingkan dengan harga Eropa atau AS. Harga barang elektronik impor bisa sangat mahal karena pajak impor yang tinggi, dan jangkauan gadget elektronik dalam negeri tidak terlalu luas.

Meskipun kekuatan nyata berarti bahwa berbelanja di Brasil tidak lagi murah, masih ada banyak penawaran yang bisa didapat, terutama barang-barang kulit, termasuk sepatu (ukurannya berbeda). Pakaian pada umumnya adalah barang yang bagus untuk dibeli, terutama untuk wanita, yang memiliki banyak barang berkelas. Pasar jalanan, yang umum, juga merupakan pilihan yang sangat baik, tetapi hindari nama merek seperti "Nike" - Anda akan membayar lebih dan mungkin palsu. Jangan takut untuk "merasakan" suatu barang. Jika tidak terasa benar, kemungkinan besar tidak! Jika tidak ada label, itu mungkin Brasil, tetapi beberapa produk buatan Brasil kurang kuat dibandingkan produk Amerika atau Eropa.

Makan

Lihat juga: Masakan Brasil

Masakan

Masakan Brasil beragam seperti geografi dan budayanya, berdasarkan keragaman tanaman, ternak, dan makanan laut yang diproduksi di negara tersebut. Di sisi lain, beberapa orang mungkin menganggapnya sebagai melange yang tidak halus, dan makanan sehari-hari bisa hambar dan monoton. Meskipun ada beberapa hidangan khas daerah yang cukup unik, banyak hidangan yang dibawa oleh pendatang dari luar negeri dan telah disesuaikan dengan selera lokal dari generasi ke generasi. Makanan Italia dan Cina di Brasil seringkali sama membingungkannya dengan makanan Amazon.

Makan siang set standar Brasil disebut prato feito, dengan saudara-saudaranya komersial dan eksekusi. Nasi dan kacang merah dalam saus, dengan steak kecil. Terkadang farofa, spageti, sayuran, dan kentang goreng akan datang. Daging sapi bisa diganti dengan ayam, ikan atau lainnya.

Luar biasa makanan laut dapat ditemukan di kota-kota pesisir, terutama di Timur laut.

hidangan

• Hidangan nasional Brasil adalah feijoada, sup hangat yang terbuat dari kacang hitam, babi (telinga, buku-buku jari, daging, sosis) dan daging sapi (biasanya dikeringkan). Disajikan dengan nasi, hiasi dengan collard greens dan irisan jeruk. Itu tidak disajikan di setiap restoran; orang-orang yang menyajikannya biasanya menawarkannya pada hari Rabu dan Sabtu. Kesalahan khas yang dilakukan turis adalah makan terlalu banyak feijoada pada pertemuan pertama. Ini adalah hidangan berat - bahkan orang Brasil biasanya memakannya dengan hemat.
• Makanan ringan Brasil, lanches (sandwich) dan salgadinhos (sebagian besar lainnya), termasuk berbagai macam kue kering. Mencari coxinha (ayam goreng tepung, dilapisi tepung roti), empada (kue kecil, jangan bingung dengan empanada - empanada dan empanada adalah barang yang sama sekali berbeda), dan pastel (tumpeng goreng). Camilan umum lainnya adalah misto quente, sandwich ham-dan-keju yang ditekan dan dipanggang. Po-de-queijo, roti gulung yang terbuat dari tepung ubi kayu dan keju, sangat populer, terutama di Minas Gerais state - pão-de-queijo dan secangkir kopi Brasil segar adalah kombinasi klasik.

Bahkan lebih:

• farofa. Tepung singkong yang ditumis dengan bacon dan potongan bawang bombay; lauk carbo standar di restoran, bersama dengan nasi putih. (diperbarui Juni 2018)
• Feijoo verde. Kacang hijau dengan parutan keju. (diperbarui Juni 2018)
• Paçoca. Dendeng sapi campur tepung singkong dalam a pilo (mortir besar dengan alu besar). Tarif koboi tradisional. (diperbarui Juni 2018)
• Pastel. Kue kering yang diisi dengan keju, daging cincang atau ham. (diperbarui Juni 2018)
• Tapioka (Beiju de tapioka). Dibuat dengan tepung singkong, juga dikenal sebagai tepung tapioka. Saat dipanaskan dalam wajan, ia menggumpal dan menjadi sejenis pancake atau krep kering, berbentuk seperti piringan. Beberapa akan menyajikannya terlipat menjadi dua, yang lain akan menggulungnya dengan gaya rocambole. Isinya bervariasi, tetapi bisa manis atau gurih, dengan rasa yang paling tradisional adalah: kelapa parut/susu kental (manis), dendeng/keju coalho, keju polos, dan mentega (gurih). Namun, itu telah menjadi makanan "gourmetized", untuk diperlakukan dengan kreativitas; nutella, coklat, napolitano (keju pizza/ham/tomat/oregano) dan parutan dada ayam/keju catupiry menjadi pilihan yang hampir standar saat ini. (diperbarui Juni 2018)
• Brigadeiro. Makanan penutup tradisional Brasil dari tahun 1940-an, terbuat dari bubuk kakao, susu kental, dan mentega, dengan taburan cokelat. (diperbarui Juni 2018)

Masakan daerah

• Selatan - Churrasco adalah barbekyu Brasil, dan biasanya disajikan "rodizio" atau "espeto corrido" (makan sepuasnya). Pelayan membawa potongan besar daging di atas tusukan baja dari meja ke meja, dan mengukir irisan ke piring Anda (gunakan penjepit untuk mengambil irisan daging dan jangan menyentuh ujung pisau dengan peralatan perak Anda untuk menghindari menumpulkan ujungnya). Secara tradisional, Anda diberi balok kayu kecil berwarna hijau di satu sisi dan merah di sisi lain. Saat Anda siap untuk makan, letakkan sisi hijau di atas. Ketika Anda terlalu kenyang bahkan untuk memberi tahu pelayan bahwa Anda sudah cukup, letakkan sisi merahnya di atas... Rodizio tempat memiliki prasmanan untuk item non-daging; berhati-hatilah bahwa di beberapa tempat, makanan penutup tidak dianggap sebagai bagian dari prasmanan utama dan dikenakan biaya sebagai tambahan. Sebagian besar restoran churrasco (churrascarias) juga menyajikan jenis makanan lain, jadi aman untuk pergi ke sana bersama teman yang tidak terlalu suka daging. Sementara churrascarias biasanya tempat yang cukup mahal (untuk standar Brasil) di Utara, Tengah dan daerah pedesaan negara mereka cenderung jauh lebih murah daripada di Selatan dan kota-kota besar, di mana mereka sering dikunjungi bahkan oleh yang kurang makmur.
• Mineiro adalah masakan "penambang" Minas Gerais, berdasarkan daging babi dan kacang-kacangan, dengan beberapa sayuran. Hidangan dari Goiás serupa, tetapi menggunakan beberapa bahan lokal seperti pequi dan guariroba. Masakan Minas Gerais jika tidak terlihat sangat lezat, memiliki nuansa "rumahan" yang sangat disukai.
• Makanan dari Bahia, di pantai timur laut berakar di seberang Atlantik di Afrika Timur dan masakan India. Kelapa, minyak sawit dende, cabai, dan makanan laut adalah bahan utama. Tip: panas ("quente") berarti banyak lada, dingin ("frio") berarti kurang atau tidak ada lada sama sekali. Jika Anda berani memakannya panas Kamu harus mencobanya acarajé (roti panggang berisi udang) dan vatapá (sup kacang hitam yang bisa diminum).
• Espirito Santo dan Bahia memiliki dua versi yang berbeda dari moqueca, sup seafood berbahan dasar tomat yang lezat yang disiapkan dalam jenis pot tanah liat khusus.
• orang Amazon masakan diambil dari makanan penduduk asli, termasuk berbagai ikan dan sayuran eksotis. Ada juga berbagai buah-buahan tropis yang luar biasa.
• Ceará's food memiliki jenis makanan laut yang luar biasa, dan dikenal memiliki kepiting terbaik di negara ini. Ini sangat populer sehingga setiap akhir pekan ribuan orang pergi ke Praia do Futuro di Fortaleza untuk makan ikan goreng dan kepiting (biasanya diikuti dengan bir dingin).

Masakan "fusion" Brasil

• Pizza sangat populer di Brasil. Di Sāo Paulo, para pelancong akan menemukan restoran pizza dengan tarif tertinggi per penduduk di negara ini. Variasi rasa sangat luas, dengan beberapa restoran menawarkan lebih dari 100 jenis pizza. Perlu dicatat perbedaan antara "mozzarella" Eropa dan "mussarela" Brasil. Mereka berbeda dalam rasa, penampilan dan asal tetapi buffalo mozzarella ("mussarela de búfala") juga sering tersedia. "Mussarela" Brasil, yang menjadi topping sebagian besar pizza, berwarna kuning dan memiliki rasa yang lebih kuat. Di beberapa restoran, khususnya di Selatan, pizza tidak memiliki saus tomat. Hidangan lain yang berasal dari Italia, seperti makaro (makaroni), lasanha dan lain-lain juga sangat populer.
• Timur Tengah dan Arab (sebenarnya Libanon) makanan tersedia secara luas. Sebagian besar pilihan menawarkan kualitas tinggi dan variasi yang besar. Beberapa jenis makanan timur tengah, seperti tenang dan esfiha telah diadaptasi dan tersedia di gerai makanan ringan dan restoran cepat saji di seluruh negeri. Anda juga dapat menemukan stan shawarma (kebab), yang oleh orang Brasil disebut "churrasco grego" (Barbekyu Yunani)
• Sao Paulo Jepang restoran menyajikan banyak tempura, yakisoba, sushi, dan sashimi. Varietasnya bagus dan sebagian besar harganya sangat menarik jika dibandingkan dengan Eropa, AS, dan Jepang. Sebagian besar restoran Jepang juga menawarkan rodizio atau prasmanan pilihan, dengan kualitas yang sama seperti jika Anda memesan dari menu. Terkadang, bagaimanapun, itu bisa sangat menyimpang dari hal yang sebenarnya. Secara khusus, sushi buatan Brasil sering menggunakan keju krim dan mayones dalam jumlah banyak, dan sushi dilapisi tepung roti dengan saus tara ("hot rolls") sama populernya dengan sushi "ikan mentah". Hal yang sama dapat dikatakan tentang Cina makanan, sekali lagi dengan beberapa variasi dari tradisional. Lumpia isi keju, siapa saja. Restoran Jepang (atau yang menawarkan makanan Jepang) jauh lebih umum daripada Cina dan dapat ditemukan di banyak kota di Brasil, terutama di negara bagian São Paulo.

Restoran

• Restoran menambahkan biaya layanan 10% pada tagihan, dan ini biasanya satu-satunya tip yang dibayarkan di Brasil. Ini tidak wajib, tetapi meminta agar tagihan dihapus sering kali dianggap sangat tidak sopan dan biasanya ditujukan untuk layanan yang buruk. Jika Anda benar-benar ingin memberi tip, R$5-10 sudah cukup, dan itu mungkin akan sangat mengejutkan server Anda juga.
• Ada dua jenis restoran swalayan, terkadang dengan kedua pilihan tersedia di satu tempat: prasmanan makan sepuasnya dengan barbekyu yang disajikan di meja, disebut rodízio, atau harga per berat (por quilo atau quilão), sangat umum saat makan siang di seluruh Brasil. Muat di prasmanan dan taruh piring Anda di timbangan sebelum makan apa pun. Terutama di Selatan, "galeto" tradisional Italia adalah umum. Anda akan disajikan berbagai jenis pasta, salad, sup, dan daging (kebanyakan ayam) di meja Anda.
• Pelanggan diizinkan oleh hukum untuk mengunjungi dapur untuk memeriksa bagaimana makanan ditangani, meskipun hal ini sangat jarang terjadi dan mungkin akan dianggap aneh dan tidak sopan.
• Beberapa restoran Brasil hanya menyajikan makanan untuk dua orang. Mungkin tidak jelas dari menu, jadi tanyakan pada pelayan. Sebagian besar restoran dalam kategori ini mengizinkan "setengah porsi" piring tersebut (meia-porção), pada 60-70% dari harga. Juga, pasangan di restoran sering duduk berdampingan daripada saling berhadapan; amati isyarat pelayan Anda atau ungkapkan preferensi Anda saat duduk.
• Makanan cepat saji sangat populer, dan makanan lokal seperti hamburger dan hot-dog ("cachorro-quente", diterjemahkan secara harfiah) layak untuk dicoba. Sandwich Brasil datang dalam berbagai jenis, dengan bahan-bahan seperti mayones, bacon, ham, keju, selada, tomat, jagung, kacang polong, kismis, kentang goreng, saus tomat, telur, acar, dll. Pemakan berani mungkin ingin mencoba hot dog lengkap tradisional (hanya meminta lengkap), yang, selain roti dan sosis, akan mencakup semua yang dipajang. di mana-mana x burger (dan varietasnya x-salada, x-tudo, dll.) tidak semisterius kedengarannya: pengucapan huruf "X" dalam bahasa Portugis terdengar seperti "keju", karena itulah namanya.
• Rantai besar: Rantai burger cepat saji Bob's ditemukan secara nasional dan telah ada di negara ini hampir selama McDonald's. Ada juga rantai makanan cepat saji nasional yang disebut Habib yang terlepas dari namanya menyajikan pizza selain makanan Arab. Burger King dan Subway juga tersebar luas.

Minum

Alkohol

Minuman keras nasional Brasil adalah Cachaca (cah-shah-sah, juga dikenal sebagai penjaga ("air yang terbakar") dan pinga), minuman keras tebu 40% dikenal untuk merobohkan tidak waspada cukup cepat. Ini dapat dicoba di hampir setiap bar di negara ini. Daerah penghasil yang terkenal termasuk Minas Gerais, di mana terdapat tur penyulingan, dan kota Paraty. Pirassununga adalah rumah bagi Caninha 51, merek terlaris di Brasil. Di luar Fortaleza ada museum cachaça (Museu da Cachaça) di mana Anda dapat mempelajari tentang sejarah merek Ypioca.

Minum cachaça langsung, atau mengaduk hanya dengan sesendok madu atau sedikit air jeruk nipis, adalah kebiasaan umum di wilayah Timur Laut negara itu, tetapi kekuatan cachaça dapat disembunyikan dalam koktail seperti yang terkenal caipirinha, di mana dicampur dengan gula, air jeruk nipis dan es. Menggunakan vodka alih-alih cachaça dijuluki caipiroska atau caipivodka; dengan rum putih, itu a caipiríssima; dan dengan sake itu adalah caipisaque (tidak di setiap daerah). Ramuan menarik lainnya disebut capeta ("setan"), dibuat dengan cachaça, susu kental, kayu manis, bubuk guarana (stimulan ringan), dan bahan-bahan lainnya, bervariasi menurut wilayah. Jika Anda menikmati brendi atau grappa yang enak, cobalah cachaça . tua. Dalam dan kompleks, roh berwarna emas ini tidak seperti minuman keras bening di mana-mana yang lebih umum terlihat. Perjalanan yang menyenangkan adalah ke "alambique" - penyulingan lokal, yang ada ribuan di seluruh negeri - Anda tidak hanya akan dapat melihat bagaimana spirit dibuat dari gula tebu mentah, Anda mungkin juga akan mendapatkan harga yang lebih baik .

Patut dicoba adalah wiski Brasil! Ini sebenarnya 50% scotch impor - komponen malt - dan sekitar 50% spirit gandum Brasil. Jangan disesatkan oleh nama-nama Amerika yang terdengar seperti "Wall Street". Ini bukan bourbon. Baik nilai untuk uang dan tidak dapat dibedakan dari campuran Inggris umum.

Sementara alkohol impor sangat mahal, banyak merek internasional diproduksi di bawah lisensi di Brasil, membuatnya tersedia secara luas, dan cukup murah. Anda dapat membeli minuman keras di tempat bebas pajak setelah mendarat di bandara Brasil, tetapi umumnya lebih mahal daripada membelinya di luar bandara.

Bir

Bir di Brasil memiliki sejarah terhormat karena imigran Jerman. Sebagian besar merek bir Brasil cenderung kurang kental dan pahit dibandingkan bir Jerman, Denmark, atau Inggris. Lebih dari 90% dari semua bir yang dikonsumsi di Brasil adalah Pilsner, dan biasanya diminum sangat dingin (pada suhu mendekati 0 °C). Merek domestik yang paling populer adalah Brahma, Antartika, dan Skola. Merek tradisional termasuk: bohemia, Caracu (yang gagah), Asli dan Serra Malte (tegak lagi). Mereka mudah ditemukan di bar dan patut dicoba tetapi biasanya lebih mahal daripada bir populer. Ada juga beberapa bir premium nasional yang hanya ditemukan di beberapa bar dan supermarket tertentu; jika Anda ingin mencicipi bir Brasil yang enak, cari Baden Baden, Colorado, Eisenbahn, petra, Theresopolis dan lain-lain. Ada juga beberapa bir internasional yang diproduksi oleh pabrik nasional seperti Heineken dan Stella Artois dan memiliki rasa yang sedikit berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan bir aslinya.

Ada dua cara minum bir di bar: bir draft atau bir botol. Draft bir bir disebut chope atau chopp ('SHOH-kencing'), dan biasanya disajikan dengan satu inci busa, tetapi Anda dapat mengajukan keluhan kepada bartender jika busanya lebih tebal dari itu. Di bar, pelayan biasanya akan mengumpulkan gelas dan botol kosong di atas meja dan menggantinya dengan yang penuh, sampai Anda memintanya untuk berhenti, dalam sistem pengisian "ketuk". Dalam kasus bir botol, botol (600ml atau 1 liter) dibagikan di antara semua orang di meja dan dituangkan ke dalam gelas kecil, daripada diminum langsung dari botolnya. Orang Brasil menyukai bir mereka hampir sedingin es - karenanya, untuk menjaga suhu tetap rendah, botol bir sering disimpan dalam wadah polistiren terisolasi di atas meja.

Anggur

Rio Grande do Sul adalah yang terdepan anggur wilayah produksi. Ada sejumlah peternakan penghasil anggur yang terbuka untuk pengunjung dan mencicipi anggur, dan gudang anggur yang menjual anggur dan jus anggur yang difermentasi. Salah satu peternakan ini terbuka untuk pengunjung adalah Pabrik Anggur Salton, terletak di kota Bento Gonçalves. Itu Lembah Sao Francisco, di sepanjang perbatasan negara bagian Pernambuco dan Bahia, adalah daerah penghasil anggur terbaru di negara itu. Anggur Brasil biasanya lebih segar, lebih berbuah dan lebih sedikit alkohol daripada, misalnya, anggur Prancis. Merek populer seperti Popular Sangue de Boi, tidak bisa dan Santa Felicidade dan lainnya dengan harga di bawah R$6.00 biasanya dianggap sampah.

Di Minas Gerais, mencari licor de jabuticaba (minuman keras jabuticaba) atau vinho de jabuticaba (anggur jabuticaba), minuman berwarna ungu kehitaman dengan rasa manis. Jabuticaba adalah nama buah hitam kecil seperti anggur asli Brasil.

Kopi dan teh

Brasil dikenal di seluruh dunia karena kopinya yang kuat dan berkualitas tinggi. Kafe sangat populer sehingga dapat menyebutkan nama makanan (sepertijust Nasi tidak di Cina, Jepang dan Korea): sarapan di Brasil disebut café da manh (kopi pagi), sambil kafe com pão (kopi dengan roti) atau kafe da tarde (kopi sore) berarti makan siang ringan. Cafezinho (kopi kecil) adalah secangkir kecil kopi kental manis yang biasanya disajikan setelah makan di restoran (terkadang gratis, tanyakan saja dengan sopan). Kopi yang disaring dalam botol digantikan oleh cangkir espresso yang lebih kuat di lebih banyak restoran kelas atas.

cha, atau teh dalam bahasa Portugis, paling sering ditemukan di assam versi (oranye, berwarna terang). Beberapa toko teh dan kafe yang lebih khusus akan menyediakan Earl Grey dan teh hijau juga.

Pasangan adalah infus yang mirip dengan teh yang sangat tinggi kandungan kafeinnya. Versi panggang, sering disajikan dingin, dikonsumsi di seluruh negeri, sementara Chimarr .o (kebetulan disebut mate di negara-negara tetangga berbahasa Spanyol) adalah padanan panas dan pahit yang dapat ditemukan di selatan dan sangat dihargai oleh gaúchos (Penghuni Rio Grande do Sul). Tererê adalah versi dingin dari Chimarrão, umum di Mato Grosso do Sul dan Mato Grosso negara.

Minuman ringan

Jika Anda ingin minuman bersoda di Brasil, minta, koka atau coca-cola, karena "cola" berarti "lem", dalam bahasa Portugis.

Guarana adalah minuman ringan berkarbonasi yang terbuat dari guaraná berry, asli daerah Amazon. Merek utama adalah major Antartika dan kuat, yang terakhir dimiliki oleh Coke. Pureza adalah minuman ringan guaraná yang kurang dikenal yang sangat populer di Santa Catarina. Ada juga "Guaraná Jesus" yang populer di Maranhão. Hampir semua wilayah di Brasil menampilkan varian lokal mereka sendiri di guaraná, beberapa di antaranya bisa sangat berbeda dari "Antartika" standar dalam hal baik dan buruk. Jika bepergian ke Amazonas, pastikan untuk mencoba "Baré" dingin, yang karena popularitasnya yang besar di Manaus dibeli oleh Antartika dan menjadi lebih tersedia di seluruh Brasil utara.

Tubaína adalah minuman ringan berkarbonasi yang pernah sangat populer di kalangan orang Brasil (terutama yang lahir pada tahun 70-an, 80-an dan awal 90-an) dan menjadi sangat sulit ditemukan. Itu pernah diproduksi secara massal oleh "Brahma" sebelum menjadi fokus pada bir saja. Jika Anda kebetulan menemukan tempat yang menjualnya, cobalah.

Mineirinho (atau Mate Couro) juga merupakan minuman ringan populer yang terbuat dari guaraná dan daun khas Brasil yang disebut Chapéu de Couro. Meskipun sebagian besar orang Brasil mengatakan rasanya seperti rumput, orang tua ( 70 tahun) mengklaim bahwa minuman tersebut memiliki khasiat obat.

Jus buah

Jus buah sangat populer di Brasil. Beberapa kota, terutama Rio de Janeiro, memiliki bar jus buah di hampir setiap sudut.

• Tidak ada yang mengalahkan air kelapa (agua de coco) pada hari yang panas. (Tekankan dulu Hai, jika tidak maka akan keluar sebagai "poo" (kelapa)). Itu sebagian besar dijual sebagai coco gelado dalam kelapa itu sendiri, diminum dengan sedotan. Mintalah para pedagang yang memegang parang untuk memotong kelapa menjadi dua sehingga Anda bisa memakan dagingnya setelah meminum airnya.
• Aai (buah dari Amazon) lezat dan bergizi (kaya antioksidan) dan dapat ditemukan tersebar luas di seluruh negara. Di wilayah Amazon itu digunakan sebagai pelengkap makanan sehari-hari, sering dimakan bersama dengan nasi dan ikan di makanan utama hari itu. Anehnya, di luar wilayah Amazon, itu biasanya digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan bubuk guarana (stimulan) dan pisang untuk memberi energi kembali dari pesta larut malam. Disajikan dingin dan memiliki konsistensi es yang lembut. Ada juga es krim aai yang tersedia.
• Maracuja (markisa) (hati-hati selama hari yang aktif karena ini memiliki efek relaksasi)
• Caju (buah jambu mete) dan
• Garapa: jus tebu segar
• Manga (mangga) juga merupakan pengalaman jus yang luar biasa.
• Mangaba
• Umbu
• vitamin: milk shake dengan buah-buahan segar

Orang Brasil memiliki selera yang luar biasa dalam hal mencampur jus.

Tidur

Musim ramai di Brasil mengikuti kalender liburan sekolah, Desember dan Januari (musim panas) menjadi bulan tersibuk. Tahun Baru, Karnaval (bergerak antara Februari dan Maret, lihat Memahami atas) dan minggu Suci adalah periode puncak, dan harga dapat meroket, terutama di kota-kota pesisir seperti Rio dan Salvador. Selain itu, selama liburan tersebut, banyak hotel membatasi pemesanan hingga minimum 3 atau 4 hari dan mengenakan biaya di muka.

Hotel berlimpah di hampir semua wilayah Brasil dan dapat berkisar dari resor pantai mewah hingga pilihan yang sangat sederhana dan murah. Badan regulasi pariwisata Brasil memberlakukan atribut minimum khusus untuk setiap jenis fasilitas, tetapi karena peringkat bintang 1-5 tidak lagi diberlakukan, periksa terlebih dahulu apakah hotel Anda menyediakan jenis layanan yang Anda harapkan.

Pousada berarti wisma tamu (setara lokal dengan bahasa Prancis auberge atau orang Inggris rumah kost), dan biasanya lebih sederhana daripada hotel, dan akan menawarkan lebih sedikit layanan (layanan kamar, binatu, dll.). Pousada bahkan lebih tersebar luas daripada hotel.

Di daerah hutan belantara seperti Pantanal, wisatawan biasanya menginap di fazenda, yang merupakan peternakan dengan fasilitas tamu. Di kota-kota kecil Minas Gerais orang-orang menyukai hotéis-fazenda (hotel pertanian) di mana Anda bisa berenang, bersepeda, berjalan kaki, bermain sepak bola, dan berkemah serta tidur di barak yang indah.

Juga ada kesenangan yang luar biasa dalam melakukan hotel perahu yang akan membawa Anda ke tempat-tempat yang tidak dapat diakses di sungai dan danau untuk perjalanan memancing yang luar biasa atau untuk sekadar bersantai dan menonton serta memotret satwa liar yang sangat melimpah di Pantanal. Perahu besar, aman, dan nyaman dengan kamar ber-AC (sangat diperlukan). Beberapa perahu aluminium kecil dengan motor tempel, yang dibawa oleh hotel perahu, dikemudikan oleh nelayan/pemandu berpengalaman akan membawa 2 atau 3 wisatawan ke "titik" terbaik.

Pemuda asrama (albergues da juventude) menjadi semakin umum.

Banyak hotel yang memberikan diskon jika tidak menggunakan website reservasi monopolistik di tengah, terutama di Rio. Jadi, periksa situs web mereka secara langsung atau kirimkan pesan kepada mereka.

Motel vs hotel

Sebuah kata cepat dari hati-hati; di Brasil sebuah "motel" tidak sama dengan apa yang biasanya ditemukan di Amerika Serikat. Istilah motel di Amerika Latin biasanya mengacu pada tempat akomodasi di mana kamar disewa untuk jangka pendek, biasanya untuk urusan romantis. Hotel, sebaliknya, adalah tempat akomodasi bagi para pelancong dan biasanya ramah keluarga. Banyak hotel tidak mengizinkan orang yang tidak terdaftar sebagai tamu untuk melewati area resepsionis. Ini untuk keselamatan tamu dan staf hotel dan juga untuk melindungi reputasi hotel di negara yang masih konservatif secara budaya dan Katolik. Jadi pengunjung yang mencari tempat untuk menikmati kebersamaan fisik dengan orang lain, akan sering menggunakan motel. Juga privasi adalah sesuatu yang premium di Brasil, dengan anak-anak sering tinggal di rumah sampai mereka menikah. Untuk alasan ini dan alasan praktis lainnya, pasangan, bahkan pasangan menikah yang menginginkan sedikit keintiman, terkadang menyewa kamar di sebuah motel. Motel ini umum di Brasil dan tidak membawa stigma sosial yang dulu dikaitkan dengan apa yang disebut "notel motel" di Amerika Serikat atau Kanada. Kualitas dan harga akomodasi motel bervariasi, kadang-kadang drastis, dengan sebagian besar bersih dan terawat dengan baik. Kamar terlibat secara anonim dengan tarif dan biaya terkait biasanya dibayar secara tunai saja.

Belajar

Kualitas universitas Brasil sangat bervariasi tergantung pada wilayahnya. Di Brasil, ada ratusan universitas, dan universitas negeri biasanya yang paling terkenal di negara ini dan yang menghasilkan penelitian ilmiah paling banyak daripada universitas swasta. Beberapa universitas negeri yang paling penting adalah Universitas São Paulo (USP), Universitas Federal Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Universitas Brasilia (UnB), Universitas Federal Santa Catarina (UFSC) dan Universitas Federal Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Selain itu, ada juga beberapa universitas swasta penting, seperti Universitas Presbiterian Mackenzie dan Universitas Katolik Kepausan São Paulo (PUCSP), itu Universitas Katolik Kepausan Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), itu Universitas Katolik Kepausan Paraná (PUCPR) dan Universitas Katolik Kepausan Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Universitas negeri memiliki ujian masuk standar, yang disebut ENEM (Ujian Nacional do Ensino Médio, Ujian Nasional SMA), meskipun beberapa dari mereka juga memiliki ujian masuk sendiri. Semua universitas ini memiliki program sarjana dan pascasarjana yang sangat baik dan diakui secara internasional, dengan berbagai program pertukaran dengan berbagai universitas di banyak negara di dunia.

Untuk mendaftar di universitas Brasil sebagai siswa pertukaran, Anda harus mendapatkan visa pelajar di Kedutaan Besar atau Konsulat Brasil di negara asal Anda. Setelah Anda tiba di Brazil dengan visa pelajar yang masih berlaku, maka Anda harus mendaftar di Departamento da Policia Federal (Departemen Kepolisian Federal) dalam waktu 30 hari setelah kedatangan Anda dan dapatkan RNE (Registrasi Nacional do Estrangeiro), yang merupakan KTP nasional bagi warga negara asing. Ini juga di mana Anda bisa perbarui visa Anda dengan otoritas Brasil.

Kursus bahasa Portugis untuk orang asing tidak tersebar luas di luar kota-kota besar. Alternatif yang baik adalah berteman dengan siswa bahasa dan bertukar pelajaran. Jika Anda datang ke Brasil dengan beberapa gagasan awal bahasa Portugis, Anda akan melihat bahwa orang-orang akan memperlakukan Anda jauh lebih baik dan Anda akan hidup lebih mudah. Sekolah bahasa di Curitiba, Salvador, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, dan Porto Alegre memiliki kursus bahasa Portugis dari 2 minggu ke atas.

Kerja

Jika Anda bisa mendapatkan pekerjaan, bekerja di Brasil itu mudah, terutama karena ada banyak informalitas. Secara teori, Anda harus memiliki izin kerja (Autorização de Trabalho) dari Kementerian Tenaga Kerja sebelum Anda bisa mendapatkan pekerjaan. Namun, untuk mendapatkannya, Anda harus disponsori oleh majikan sebelum memasuki negara tersebut. Perusahaan pasti menginginkan orang asing yang cukup buruk untuk membayar pemerintah lebih dari R$2000 untuk mensponsori Anda, mengetahui juga bahwa mereka diwajibkan oleh hukum untuk secara bersamaan mempekerjakan dan melatih pengganti Anda. Karena itu, mencari pekerjaan legal bisa menjadi tugas birokrasi yang cukup menakutkan, bahkan di pasar kerja Brasil yang berkembang saat ini.

Jika Anda seorang penutur asli bahasa Inggris, Anda mungkin dapat menemukan pekerjaan paruh waktu mengajar bahasa Inggris, tetapi jangan berharap itu akan menyelamatkan liburan Anda. Meskipun bekerja di pasar informal pada awalnya tampak tidak merepotkan, ada risikonya juga. Gajinya akan di bawah meja tanpa kontrak, sehingga akan sulit bagi Anda untuk mengklaim hak kerja Anda nanti. Di kota-kota besar, ada juga bahaya diserahkan ke pihak berwenang oleh sekolah saingan, yang mungkin membuat Anda pulang dengan pesawat lebih awal dari yang Anda rencanakan.

Ada juga permintaan yang meningkat untuk kelas bahasa Spanyol, sehingga penutur asli bahasa Spanyol tidak akan kesulitan mencari pekerjaan, terutama di kota-kota besar. Dalam kedua kasus, selalu jauh lebih menguntungkan untuk mencari pekerjaan secara pribadi daripada melalui sekolah. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan mudah, misalnya dengan memasang iklan di bagian iklan baris di surat kabar Folha de S. Paulo dan Estado de S. Paulo (di São Paulo), O Globo (di Rio de Janeiro) dan Zero Hora (di Porto Alegre) atau di majalah berita mingguan nasional Veja (Anda harus membayarnya) atau dengan memasang papan pengumuman di universitas seperti USP (gratis).

Mengacu kepada Situs web Kementerian Tenaga Kerja untuk informasi lebih detail.

Sukarelawan

Working as a volunteer, learning Spanish and seeing the country on a shoestring is popular with many travellers in South America. Mostly people with lot of time opt for this kind of travelling, getting to know the country and its people.

Volunteering can be done as part of a large organisation, or for local families. When working with or for local families, they often provide you with food and accommodation for about 3-5 hr work per day. Such engagements can be found with any of the following websites, which differ by length and type of stay: Workaway, HelpX, Wwoof, dan Worldpackers. The website generally demand a small commission or a yearly fee.

Use the rating system of these websites to determine good and reliable hosts. And beware, many locals just use those websites to find cheap labour, offering a terrible experience, sometimes no food or no decent accommodation. Avoid such offers, which are just badly managed businesses, and opt for placements that really depend on volunteers (like green farming, education, NGOs, etc.).

In general, avoid paying for volunteering. You can also contact a bunch of international NGOs and let them know you are interested in working for them. Sometimes you can also get a paid job after doing some volunteer work. Just be clear that you are able to stay a fixed amount of time for unpaid work, and that you would need some money to continue your work.

Stay healthy

When visiting the Midwestern states of Brazil, the relative humidity can be below 30% during the dry season from June to September. It is important to drink plenty of water to avoid the unpleasant effects of dehydration.

Food from street and beach vendors has a bad hygienic reputation in Brazil. The later in the day, the worse it gets. Bottled and canned drinks are safe, although some people will insist on using a straw to avoid contact with the exterior of the container. Bear in mind the heat and humidity when storing perishable foods.

Tap water varies from place to place, (from contaminated, saline or soaked with chlorine to plain drinkable) and Brazilians themselves usually prefer to have it filtered.

In airports, bus stations, as well as many of the cheaper hotels and malls, it is common to find drinking fountains (bebedouro), although not always safe. In hostel kitchens, look for the tap with the cylindrical filter attached. In more expensive hotels, there is often no publicly accessible fountain, and bedrooms contain minibars, selling you mineral water at extremely inflated prices — buying bottled water from the store is always the best alternative.

Vaccination against yellow fever and taking anti-malaria medication may be necessary if you are travelling to Midwestern state of Mato Grosso or northern (Amazon) regions. If you're arriving from Peru, Colombia or Bolivia, proof of yellow fever vaccination is required before you enter Brazil. Some countries, such as Australia dan South Africa, will require evidence of yellow fever vaccination before allowing you enter the country if you have been in any part of Brazil within the previous week. Check the requirements of any country you will travel to from Brazil. In coastal Brazil there's also a risk for dengue fever, and the Zika virus outbreak in Latin America hit Brazil hard with more than 60,000 confirmed cases in 2015 and 2016.

Public hospitals tend to be crowded and terrible, but they attend any kind of person, including foreigners. Most cities of at least 60,000 inhabitants have good private health care.

Dentists abound and are way cheaper than North America and Western Europe. In general, the quality of their work is consistent, but ask a local for advice and a recommendation.

As described above, the emergency number is 190 atau 192, but you must speak Portuguese.

Beware that air conditioning in airports, intercity buses etc. is often quite strong. Carry a long-sleeved garment for air-conditioned places.

Although Brazil is widely known as a country where sex is freely available, it is sometimes misunderstood regarding HIV. Brazil has one of the best HIV prevention programs and consequently, a very low infection rate compared with most countries. Condoms are highly encouraged by governmental campaigns during Carnaval, and distributed for free by local public medical departments.

Tetap aman

“	O Brasil não é para principiantes. "Brazil's not for beginners."	”
—Tom Jobim, Brazilian musician

By law, everyone must carry a photo ID at all times. For a foreigner, this means your passport. However, the police will mostly be pragmatic and accept a plastified color photocopy. Not carrying a photo ID can lead to problems and delays if stopped by police or in case of a medical emergency.

Crime

Even the most patriotic Brazilian would say that the greatest problem the country faces is crime. Brazil is one of the most criminalised countries of the world; therefore, the crime rate is high, even for a developing nation. Pick-pocketing and theft are rampant, but perhaps what is more scary to visitors - and also depressingly common - are robberies at gunpoint, which target both locals and tourists. There are cases of armed criminals attacking hotels (from guesthouses to luxurious resorts) and even package tour buses, and armed robberies in crowded areas at plain daylight.

Most visitors to Brazil have trips without any incidents, and a few precautions can drastically reduce the likelihood of being victim of crime. Even with those precautions, though, the chance of a bad incident may still not be negligible. Check the individual city/area articles for advice on specific cities or places. Generally speaking, with exception of a few prosperous countryside areas and smaller towns (mostly in the southern part of the country), most areas in Brazil aren't extremely safe, so it is advisable to avoid showing off expensive possessions in public areas, to avoid deserted streets during the night, and especially, to avoid poor, run-down towns or neighbourhoods. There are cases of Brazilians or tourists being shot down without warning when entering certain neighbourhoods, either in a car or on foot. If you want to visit a favela (slum neighbourhood) or indigenous village, use a licensed, reputable tour service.

Intercity buses are generally safe, but in large cities, intercity bus terminals are often located in run-down, unsafe areas of the city, so it is prudent to take a taxi to and from the terminal rather than walk to or from it. In touristy places, tourists are often seen as "preferred prey" for criminals, so it is better to avoid looking like a tourist. For example, avoid being seen carrying a large camera or guidebook (leave them in a backpack and use them discreetly only when necessary), or dressing in a way dramatically different from the locals. It is perfectly fine to sometimes stop locals to ask questions, but avoid looking clueless and vulnerable when in public.

Emergencies related to crime can be reported to toll-free number 190. Brazil has five police forces, one for each different purpose. Each state has a Military Police (Polícia Militar, often abbreviated as PME*, where * is the abbreviation of the state. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brigada Militar, abbreviated as BMRS), which is responsible for ostensive policing, and a Civil Police (Polícia Civil, often abbreviated as PCE*, where * is the abbreviation of the state.), which deals with investigations. In state and federal highways, road patrol is handled by the State Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Estadual) and the Federal Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Federal). Border control, security of ports and airports, and interstate crimes are handled by the Federal Police (Polícia Federal). Many municipalities in Brazil also have a Municipal Guard (Guarda Municipal), which is responsible for the security of public parks, city government buildings and city public schools.

Road safety

Murder is probably the top fear of visitors to Brazil, but traffic-related deaths are actually nearly as common as murders - in fact, the chance of a road fatality in Brazil is comparable to countries with poor road safety reputation, like Malaysia atau Vietnam. This may come as surprise as the traffic in Brazil, especially in large cities, appears to be relatively well-organised compared to these countries. However, this apparent sense of safety is where the danger lurks - Brazil has a large share of irresponsible drivers, who defy speed limits, drive under the influence of alcohol, and sometimes ignore traffic lights. Therefore, keep always your eyes open when crossing the road, even when the pedestrian light is green and the cars have stopped - you never know when a motorbike will pop up from between two cars.

In certain parts of the country, especially in the northern part, roads tend to be poor-maintained, and enforcement of traffic regulations tend to be lax. Although sometimes unavoidable, it is worthwhile to re-consider taking very long road trips inside the country when there is the option of taking a plane instead.

Natural hazards

As Brazil is a very large country and has a wide geographical diversity, parts of the country can be affected by natural disasters.

Floods and landslides

In the Amazon, the rainy season occurs between December and May, bringing torrential rains and frequent flooding in these regions, which can make the highways (which are not paved) a real quagmire impossible to transit. However, it can still be a good time to visit some of the well-populated and tourist-oriented areas and, except in unusually strong floods, you can still see the strong waterfalls, igapós and other attractions in the forest that can make an interesting moment to visit.

Floods in the semi-arid Sertão, in the inland of the Northeast region, are rare, so you would be unlucky to find them. However, if you are planning to visit a city in the Sertão and the area is flooded, you should reconsider. The terrain is flat, so the water can take weeks to drain, leaving the land swampy.

The rainiest period in the Central West is generally around the summer months, from early October to April. Some cities can have points of flooding. On the northeastern coast and in the Southeast region of the country, including Salvador, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, the rainiest period is summer months. Torrential rains in the region can cause floods and catastrophic landslides, including in tourist areas. In São Paulo, as the city is cut by the rivers Tietê and Pinheiros and the soil is impermeable, making the water slow to drain. In mountainous areas in the southeast of the country, landslides can disrupt roads and cause damage.

Earthquakes

As Brazil is located in the center of the South American plate, Brazil does not usually have earthquakes of great intensity and many of them are imperceptible by the population (below 3.0 degrees on the Richter scale).

Hurricanes

Brazil is a difficult country for hurricanes reach, as wind shear is rare in countries close to the Equator and the temperature of the ocean reaches just 26º C on the northeast coast. The only tropical storm that has ever occurred in Brazil was Hurricane Catarina, in 2004, which hit the coast of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Even so, cases like this are very rare in Brazil.

Tornadoes

The Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and the center and south of the state of Parana are part of the South America Tornado Corridor, the second most tornado-prone area in the world (behind the United States Tornado Alley). Monitor local media notices and if you see that the sky is dark, the light take on a greenish-yellow cast or a loud sound that sounds like a freight train, this could be an indication of a tornado. Find shelter immediately.

Refer to the tornado safety article for analysis of the issues here.

Wildfires

Low humidity during the dry season in the Central West and the Pantanal of Brazil, in states like Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and Brasília between May and October can lead to forest fires. If you have breathing problems and are visiting these areas, it is recommended to monitor information from the local media and avoid the areas of fires.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations and political protests are common in Brazil and are best avoided by tourists, as these demonstrations can sometimes become violent and end in clashes with the Military Police, especially when approaching city, state or federal government buildings. The majority of popular demonstrations usually take place in the capitals such as São Paulo (in places like Largo da Batata, Avenida Paulista and Praça da Sé), Rio de Janeiro (Cinelândia and Copacabana Beach), Brasília (Eixo Monumental and Esplanada dos Ministérios) or Porto Alegre (Esquina Democrática and the Historic District).

Cope

Newspapers

The main Brazilian newspapers are Folha de S. Paulo, Estado de S. Paulo (both published in São Paulo) and O Globo (published in Rio de Janeiro). Other major newspapers include Correio Braziliense, Estado de Minas dan Zero Hora. Veja, IstoÉ dan CartaCapital is the main Brazilian national weekly news magazines.

Folha de S. Paulo has an English-language news website. The Rio Times is a Brazilian online newspaper in English language.

Listrik

See also: Electrical systems

Brazil is one of a few countries that uses both 110 and 220 volts for everyday appliances. Expect the voltage to change back and forth as you travel from one place to the next—even within the same Brazilian state, sometimes even within the same building. There is no physical difference in the electric outlets (power mains) for the two voltages.

Electric outlets usually accept both flat (North American), and round (European) plugs. Otherwise adaptors from flat blades to round pins are easy to find in any supermarket or hardware shop. Some outlets are too narrow for the German "Schuko" plugs. One makeshift solution is to buy a cheap T-connection and just force your "Schuko" in, -the T will break, but it will work. Very few outlets have a grounding point, and some might not accept newer North American polarized plugs, where one pin is slightly larger. Again, use the cheap T. Near the border with Argentina, you might occasionally find outlets for the Australia/New Zealand-type plug. If crossing the border, you'll probably need this adapter as well.

In 2009/2010, the IEC 60906-1 was introduced to Brazil and some newer buildings already have it. It is backwards compatible with the Europlug, but it has a receded socket. Again, T-plugs can be used as adapters for other common formats.

Frequency is 60 Hz, which may disturb 50 Hz electric clocks. Blackouts are becoming less frequent, but you always run a risk at peak of high season in small tourist towns and during particularly strong storms, even in big cities.

Respect

Brazilians tend to be very open and talk freely about their problems, especially political subjects and other issues. Also, they use a lot of self-deprecating humour. This allows you to make jokes about the problems in Brazil, when they are talking about such issues, in a playful manner. It is common when you are pointing out something bad, for them to give answers like, "That's nothing. Look at this here. It's so much worse". But don't imitate them, as they are likely to feel offended if you criticize certain areas, such as nature or soccer. In some small towns, local politics can be a sensitive issue, and you should be careful when talking about it. Always be polite.

Punctuality

Brazilians are not known for being punctual, which can be very surprising to visitors from countries where punctuality is highly valued. You should expect your Brazilian contacts to arrive at least 10 to 15 minutes late for any appointment. This is considered normal in Brazil and does not mean a lack of respect for the relationship. However, this does not apply to work or business meetings.

If you are invited to a dinner or party, e.g. 19:00, that does not mean that you must be present at 19:00, but that you must not arrive before 19:00. You will be received at some minutes later. However, not all scheduled activities are tolerant with delays in Brazil. For example, at concerts or plays, the venue's doors close at the scheduled time. Long-distance buses also depart on the scheduled time. Short-distance public transport, such as city buses and subway, is not even concerned with the estimated time of arrival; they arrive when they arrive! Keep these elements in mind when calculating how long things will take.

Delays in the subway or city buses are not uncommon, especially in the capitals (such as São Paulo or Rio de Janeiro). However, long distance bus departures almost always leave on time (even if they arrive late), so don't count on lack of punctuality to save money when you arrive late at the bus terminals. Brazilian airports are also known for their punctuality: flights always take off at the scheduled time.

Things to avoid

• Racism is a very serious offence in Brazil. Most Brazilians frown upon racism (at least in public), and even if you are only joking or you think you know your company, it is still wise to refrain from anything that can be perceived as racism. According to the Brazilian Constitution, racism is a crime for which bail is not available, and must be met with 6 months to 8 years imprisonment. This is taken very seriously. However, the law only seems to apply to overt, unquestionably racist statements and actions. Therefore, be respectful when discussing racial relations in Brazil; do not assume you understand Brazil's history of racial inequality and slavery better than a Brazilian person of colour.
• Portuguese is not Spanish and Brazilians (as well as other Portuguese speakers) feel offended if you do not keep this in mind. The languages can be mutually intelligible to a certain extent, but they differ considerably in phonetics, vocabulary and grammar. It is not a good idea to mix Portuguese with Spanish; don't expect people to understand what you're saying if you (intentionally or unintentionally) insert Spanish words into Portuguese sentences.
• Take care when talking about politics, especially about the Getúlio Vargas regime (1930-1945, 1951-1954) and about the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. These are sensitive topics in Brazil and although these periods have been characterized as dictatorships, some people have a positive view of Getúlio Vargas or the military in Brazil. Depending on your political views, some may call you "communist" or "fascist".
• Avoid comparing Brazil with its neighbor Argentina: the two countries are considered rivals, especially in the economic area.

LGBT tourism

Brazil is open to LGBT tourists. São Paulo boasts the biggest LGBT Pride Parade in the world, and most major cities will have gay scenes. However, homophobia is widespread in Brazilian society, and Brazil is not the sexual heaven that many foreigners perceive it to be. Couples that in any way don't conform to traditional heterosexual expectations should expect to be open to some verbal harassment and stares if displaying affection in the streets, although several neighborhoods of many of the major cities are very welcoming of the LGBT population, and LGBT-oriented bars and clubs are common. It is best to gather information from locals as to which areas are more conservative and which are more progressive. In general, small towns or rural areas tend to be conservative and many people (especially older ones) may be shocked by public displays of homosexual affection.

Religion

Most Brazilians are Christians, with more than 60% of the population being Catholic and more than 20% being Evangelical or Protestant. However, many Brazilians are secular in everyday life and less than half of the Brazilian population attends church. Avoid talking about religion; Brazilians do not like anything that can be seen by them as proselytizing. It is not necessary to cover your head when entering a church or temple; however, it is recommended to dress respectfully and avoid wearing shorts, miniskirts or sleeveless shirts.

Religious freedom is respected by most Brazilians and people of all religions can generally practice their religion without any problems. Despite this, in the 2010s, there have been some cases of religious intolerance, especially against religions of African origin (such as Candomblé and Umbanda). Most Brazilians do not accept cases of religious intolerance and Brazilian law considers prejudice and religious discrimination crimes.

Social etiquette

• Cheek-kissing is very common in Brazil, among women and between women and men. When two women, or opposite sexes first meet, it is not uncommon to kiss. Two men will shake hands. A man kissing another man's cheek is extremely bizarre by Brazilian standards (unless in family relationships, special Italian descendants, and very close friends). Kissing is suitable for informal occasions, used to introduce yourself or being acquainted, especially to young people. Hand shaking is more appropriate for formal occasions or between women and men when no form of intimacy is intended. Trying to shake hands when offered a kiss will be considered odd, but never rude. However, to clearly refuse a kiss is a sign of disdain.

When people first meet, they will kiss once (Sao Paulo), twice (Rio de Janeiro) or three times (Florianópolis dan Belo Horizonte, for instance), depending on where you are, alternating right and left cheeks. Observe that while doing this, you should not kiss on the cheeks (like in Russia) but actually only touch cheeks and make a kissing sound while kissing the air, placing your lips on a strangers cheek is a clear sign of sexual interest. Failing to realise these rules likely won't be seen as rude, especially if it is known that you are a foreigner.

• Many Brazilians can dance and Brazilians are usually at ease with their own bodies. While talking, they may stand closer to each other than North Americans or Northern Europeans do, and also tend to touch each other more, e.g. on the shoulder or arm, hugs etc. This is not necessarily flirtatious in nature.
• Brazilians love to drink, and going to pubs and bars is definitely part of social life - sometimes even for those who don't drink alcohol. However, alcoholic beverages aren't allowed in certain places such football stadiums, and laws concerning driving under the influence of alcohol have become increasingly more strict and more rigorously enforced.
• Brazilians do not normally take their shoes off as soon as they get home, neither expect their visitors to do so. Hence, only take off your shoes when you visit someone's house if your hosts ask so or you see them do so.

Table etiquette

• Except for highly formal situations, Brazilians don't normally mind their tones when eating and chatting. Restaurants tend to be relatively noisy and cheerful environments, especially when there are tables with large groups of people.
• Most meals will be eaten with forks/spoons and knives, but there are some things that you can eat with your hands. If you are unsure whether you should use the knife to cut something shorter or just grab it with your hands, observe how people behave around you and imitate them - or simply ask.
• Burping is considered impolite, unless you are among very close friends or relatives. Brazilians usually place the knife and the fork in a parallel manner on the plate to signalize they are finished.
• If you order a beer or a soda and it comes with a cup, waiters may fill it for you from time to time as they see it becoming empty. They will normally collect empty bottles and cans without asking you first.

Menghubung

By phone

Brazil has international telephone code 55 and two-digit area codes, and phone numbers are eight or nine digits long. Some areas used seven digits until 2006, meaning you might still find some old phone numbers which won't work unless you add another digit. (Mostly, try adding 2 or 3 at the beginning, or if it's an eight-digit number starting with 6 to 9 try adding a 9 at the beginning).

Eight-digit numbers beginning with digits 2 to 5 are land lines, while eight-digit or nine-digit numbers beginning with digits 6 to 9 are mobile phones.

All cities use the following emergency numbers:

• 190 - Police
• 192 - SAMU (Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência, Paramedics)
• 193 - Firefighters

However, if you dial 911 while in Brazil, you will be redirected to the police.

To dial to another area code or to another country, you must choose a carrier using a two-digit carrier code. Which carriers are available depends on the area you are dialing from and on the area you are dialing to. Carrier 21 (Embratel) is available in all areas.

The international phone number format for calls from other countries to Brazil is 55-(area code)-(phone number)

In Brazil:

• To dial to another area code: 0-(carrier code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• To dial to another country: 00-(carrier code)-(country code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• Local collect call: 90-90-(phone number)
• Collect call to another area code: 90-(carrier code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• International Collect Call: 000111 or through Embratel at 0800-703-2111

Public payphones use disposable prepaid cards, which come with 20, 40, 60 or 75 credits. The discount for buying cards with larger denominations is marginal. Phone booths are nearly everywhere, and all cards can be used in all booths, regardless of the owner phone company. Cards can be bought from many small shops, and almost all news agents sell them. Itu Farmácia Pague Menos sells them at official (phone company) price, somewhat cheaper. Calls to cell phones (even local) will use up your credits very quickly (nearly as expensive as international calls). Calling the USA costs about one real per minute.It's possible to find all international and Brazilian phone codes on DDI and DDD phone codes.

Mobile networks

When traveling to Brazil, even though it may seem best to carry your cell phone along, you should not dismiss the benefits of the calling cards to call the ones back home. Get yourself a Brazil calling card when packing for your trip.

Brazil has 4 national mobile operators: Vivo (Telefónica Group), Claro (Telmex/América Móvil Group), OI and TIM (Telecom Italia Group), all of them running GSM, HSDPA/HSPA and LTE networks. There are also smaller operators, like Nextel (NII/Sprint Group) (with iDEN Push-To-Talk and HSPA ), CTBC-ALGAR (GSM and HSDPA in Triangulo Mineiro Region (Minas Gerais)), and Sercomtel (GSM and HSDPA in Paraná).

Pay-as-you-go (pré-pago) SIM cards for GSM phones are widely available in places like newsstands, drugstores, supermarkets, retail shops, etc. Vivo uses 850/1800/1900 MHz frequencies, while other operators uses 900/1800 MHz (and some specific cases, 1900Mhz) frequencies. 3G/HSDPA coverage is available mostly on big cities on the southeast states and capitals. Some states use 850 MHz but others use 2100 MHz for 3G/HSDPA. For LTE, all states and operators use the European 2600Mhz (B7) frequency (700Mhz B28 is being tested) If you need to unlock a phone from a specific operator, this can be done for a charge in any phone shop.

If you prefer, you can use international roaming in any operator (respecting the roaming agreements). In this case, if you want to call to Brazil, you must call the number directly, as stated above, or using the standardized way, as to call abroad.

All major carriers (Vivo, Claro, TIM and Oi) can send and receive text messages (SMS) as well as phone calls to/from abroad. Some operators (as Vivo, Claro, and TIM), can send and receive international text messages.

Television

Brazil uses a hybrid video system called PAL-M. It is not at all compatible with the PAL system of Europe and Australia. Nowadays, most new TV sets are compatible with the NTSC system used in the USA and Canada. Until 2023, Brazil will bring digital broadcasting with the Japanese ISDB standard. Digital terrestrial television is available in almost 90% of Brazil. In addition to the 6 major Brazilian television networks (Globo, RecordTV, SBT, Band, RedeTV and Cultura), many cities in the country have pay TV via cable or satellite. Some hotels have cable TV included with their accommodation, which means that you can also watch the main international news channels and many series and light entertainment reruns, sports and films.

Digital video appliances such as DVD players are also compatible with NTSC (all digital colour is the same worldwide), but make sure the DVD region codes, if any, match your home country (Brazil is part of Region 4). Also, the term "DVD" in Brazil is both an abbreviation for the disc and for its player, so be specific to avoid confusion.

Internet

Hotels, airports and shopping malls often offer free WiFi hotspots for your laptop computer or smartphone. In addition, Brazil seems to be a country with overly many open WiFi hotspots, only requiring login via Facebook for instance.

For general tips on internet while travelling, see our travel topic: Internet access.

Postal services

The Brazilian Correio is fairly reliable and post offices are everywhere. However, if you ask how much it costs to send a letter, postcard or package they will automatically give you the "priority" price (prioritário) instead of the normal one (Econômico). You might think that the priority one will make it go faster, but it isn't always true; sometimes it takes as long as the normal fare, so be sure to ask for the "econômico" price of anything you wish to dispatch.